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GIGU > Development of GI Tract > Flashcards

Development of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Celiac trunk

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2
Q

Midgut blood supply

A

SMA - superior mesentaric artery

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3
Q

Hindgut blood supply

A

IMA - inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Narrowing of the opening to the yolk sac during embryonic folding creates?

A

Vitelline duct

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5
Q

What creates the mucosal epithelium and GI glands (minus lower 1/3 of anus)?

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

What creates the CT, vasculature and smooth muscle wall of GI tract?

A

Splanchic mesoderm

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7
Q

What creates the ganglia, nerves, glia, and epithelium of lower 1/3 of anus?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

What lines the peritoneal cavity?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

What lines the abdominal organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

Peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

Double fold of peritoneum that connects organs to body walls so they are not floating around aimlessly?

A

Mesentary

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12
Q

Connects organs to dorsal body wall and runs entire GI tract

A

Dorsal mesentary

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13
Q

Connects organs to ventral body wall and runs from ventral stomach to umbilicus

A

Ventral mesentary

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14
Q

What does the Dorsal mesentary give rise to?

A 
Greater omentum
Small intestine mesentary
Mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
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15
Q

What does the Ventral mesentary give rise to?

A 
ALL THINGS LIVER:
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament of liver
Coronary ligament of liver
Triangular ligament of liver
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16
Q

Greater omentum includes?

A

Gastrosplenic, Gastrocolic and Splenorenal ligaments

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17
Q

Lesser omentum inlcudes?

A

Hepatoduodenal and Hepatogastric ligaments

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18
Q

Organs suspended by mesentary

A

Intraperitoneal

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19
Q

Organs excluded from peritoneal cavity

A

Retroperitoneal

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20
Q

What are the retroperitonal organs?

A 
SADPUCKER:
suprarenal glands
aorta
duodenum - 2nd and 3rd parts
pancreas - except tail 
ureters
colon - ascending and descending 
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
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21
Q

Organs initially suspended within mesentary that later fused with body wall

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

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22
Q

Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

Ascending and descending colon
Bulk of pancreas
Duodenum

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23
Q

What does the Foregut create?

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Upper duodenum
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24
Q

The stomach is suspended by both the dorsal and ventral mesentaries, describe its rotation

A

It elongates and rotates 90 degrees and takes vagus nerve and mesentaries with it, then the dorsal edge expands to make greater curvature

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25
Q

As the stomach rotates, the dorsal mesogastrium becomes?

A

Greater omentum

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26
Q

As the stomach rotates, the ventral mesentary becomes?

A

Lesser omentum

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27
Q

Once the stomach rotates, what is the alignment of the vagus nerve?

A

LARP

  • left vagus anterior
  • right vagus posterior
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28
Q

After stomach rotation, what is the greater sac?

A

Greater space of peritoneal cavity

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29
Q

After stomach rotation, what is the lesser sac?

A

Space behind the stomach

30
Q

Faulty migration of NCC, inability of sphincter to relax

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

31
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of pyloric lumen (opening btwn stomach and duodenum) due to thickened muscle

  • Presents after birth, palpable “olive” mass
  • Non-bile vomit, lesser stools and loss of weight
32
Q

Describe the liver formation

A

Begins as hepatic diverticulum from foregut endoderm via connection of common bile duct
- By 10th week in utero, takes over hematopoiesis

33
Q

Endoderm liver cells

A

Hepatocytes, hepatic ducts and bile ducts

34
Q

Mesoderm liver cells

A

Stromal, Kupffer and stellate cells

35
Q

Describe the gallbladder formation

A

Begins as cystic diverticulum; a secondary outpouching off common bile duct and grows into ventral mesentary

36
Q

Bile formed by hepatic cells beginning in week ___

A

12

37
Q

The gallbladder is connected to the common bile duct what?

A

Cystic duct

38
Q

Biliary Atresia

A

Obliteration of bile duct or it is replaced by fibrotic tissue
- Jaundice, white clay stool, dark urine

39
Q

Describe the pancreas formation

A 
2 buds (ventral and dorsal) sprout inferior to the cystic diverticulum on the foregut
- Ventral bud migrates posteriorly and fuses with the Dorsal bud and duct
40
Q

The ventral pancreatic bud creates

A

Uncinate process

41
Q

The dorsal pancreatic bud creates

A

Pancreas head, body and tail

42
Q

Main pancreatic duct?

A

Ventral

43
Q

Accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Dorsal

44
Q

Pancreas Divisum

A

Ventral and Dorsal pancreatic buds fail to fuse

- Mostly asymptomatic

45
Q

Annular pancreas

A

Poor migration of ventral pancreas

  • Creates a pancreatic ring around 2nd part of duodenum
  • Can cause obstruction, bilious vomit and low birth weight
46
Q

Where does the spleen form and what is it derived from?

A

It forms in the dorsal mesogastrium

It is derived from MESODERM

47
Q

What does the midgut create?

A 
Lower duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
48
Q

What is unique about the midgut formation?

A

It herniates out of umbilicus at week 6 and returns to abdomen at week 10

49
Q

Describe the midgut formation between week 6-10

A
  • Midgut grows out of umbilicus and makes a 90 degree counterclockwise turn so the proximal gut is on the right side
  • Proximal side becomes convoluted and distal side forms cecum
  • Proximal side returns to abdomen and passes under distal portion, completing another 90 degree turn
  • Distal portion returns and makes a 3rd 90 degree turn
50
Q

Herniated midgut does not fully retract like it is supposed to through umbilicus
- Covered by parietal peritoneum

A

Omphalocele

51
Q

Abnormal lateral body folding/fusion - defect in abdominal wall causes wall weakness

  • Bowel herniates out
  • Not covered in parietal peritoneum
A

Gastroschisis

52
Q

Failure of vitelline duct connect to midgut to regress

  • Midgut remains connected to umbilicus
  • Rule of 2’s
A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

  • 2% population and symptoms
  • 2x more likely in males
  • presents in first 2 years of life
53
Q

Midgut only rotates 90 degrees, end up with a left sided colon

A

Malrotation/non-rotation of midgut loop

54
Q

Midgut rotates a NET 90 degrees CLOCKWISE, end up with duodenum anterior to transverse colon

A

Reverse gut rotation

55
Q

Twisting of bowel around its mesentary
“coffee bean sign”
- abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding

A

Volvulus

56
Q

What does the Hindgut create?

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Superior 2/3 anal canal
57
Q

Portion of hindgut during development that separates into rectum and urogenital sinus

A

Cloaca

58
Q

What develops fork-like extensions that grow inward to separate the cloaca?

A

Urorectal septum

59
Q

The urorectal septum separates the cloaca into?

A

Urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

60
Q

What ruptures to open the urogenital sinus and anorectal canal to the exterior?

A

Cloacal membrane

61
Q

The urogenital sinus will eventually become what?

A

Bladder and urethra

62
Q

Rectum is derived from what?

A

Endoderm

63
Q

Anus is derived from what?

A

Ectoderm

64
Q

What blocks the rectal lumen from the anal opening?

A

Anal plug that will eventually undergo apoptosis

65
Q

____ surrounding anal opening proliferates outward to form _____

A

Mesoderm

Anal pit

66
Q

The anal pit is lined with?

A

Ectoderm

67
Q

What divides the origin of the hindgut and the anal pit?

A

Pectineal line

68
Q

Pectineal line seperates the rectum and anus; thus seperating what type of origin derivation?

A

Endoderm (rectum) and Ectoderm (anus)

69
Q

Imperforate anus

A

Opening to anus is missing or blocked due to persistent anal membrane

70
Q

Abnormal urorectal septum

A

Urorectal septum does not properly separate the urogenital sinus and rectum

71
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Failure of NCC migration which causes absent ganglionic plexus; and then colon fails to relax

72
Q

Signs seen with Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Intestinal wall hypertrophy proximally
Abnormal colonic dilation
Failure to pass meconium

GIGU (29 decks)

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