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GIGU > Histo of Accessory organs of GI tract > Flashcards

Histo of Accessory organs of GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main digestive glands?

A
  1. Main salivary glands
  2. Exocrine Pancreas
  3. Liver
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2
Q

What are the functions of the secretory products of the 3 main digestive glands?

A

Lubricating
Protective
Digestion
Absorption

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3
Q

What divides the salivary glands into lobes/lobules and is a route for neurovasculature?

A

Septa - CT

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4
Q

Secretory cells are grouped into _____ in salivary glands

A

Acini

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5
Q

What type of cells aid salivary gland acini in secretions?

A

Myoepithelial cells

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6
Q

Describe how the secretory products are released from a salivary gland

A
  1. Acini
  2. Intercalated Duct
  3. Striated Duct
  4. Excretory Duct
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7
Q

Salivary glands release their products via ducts, true or false?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the intercalated ducts of salivary glands?

A

Cuboidal

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9
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the striated ducts of salivary glands?

A

Cuboidal to Columnar

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10
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the excretory ducts of salivary glands?

A

Pseudostratified columnar or stratified cuboidal

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11
Q

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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12
Q

Products and attributes of a parotid gland

A
  • Acini cells release a serous product
  • DARK, intensely staining granules within cells
    • may have adipocytes (white)
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13
Q

Products and attributes of a sublingual gland

A
  • Acini cells release mostly a mucous product (has both serous and mucous though)
  • PALE, faintly staining cells
    • lacks defined capsule
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14
Q

Products and attributes of a submandibular gland

A
  • Acini cells release mostly a serous product (has both serous and mucous though)
  • SEROUS DEMILUNES
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15
Q

What are serous demilunes and where will you find them?

A

Cluster of mucous secreting cells with a “hat” of serous secreting cells – looks like a white person wearing a bonnet!!
– Found in submandibular glands

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16
Q

How do serous cells look on a histo image?

A

DARK, intensely staining

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17
Q

How do mucous cells look on a histo image?

A

PALE, faintly staining

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18
Q

In a serous demilune, describe its appearance on a histo image

A

Mucous base = pale
Serous hat = dark staining
– pale inner part with a cap of dark stain

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19
Q

The pancreas has ______ function

A

Endocrine AND Exocrine

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20
Q

The exocrine pancreas does what?

A

Secretes digestive enzymes

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21
Q

The endocrine pancreas does what?

A

Secretes hormones for metabolism

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22
Q

The functional unit of the exocrine pancreas is what?

A

SEROUS acini = dark staining

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23
Q

The pancreatic acinar cells contain what type of granules and what do they possess?

A

Zymogen granules

- They possess many proenzymes to digest proteins/carbs/etc.

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24
Q

What is unique about the intercalated ducts in the exocrine pancreas?

A

They begin within the acinus using centroacinar cells

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25
Q

Describe the main characteristics of the exocrine pancreas on a histo image

A

Darkly staining pancreatic acinar cells (serous)

- Lightly staining centroacinar cells within the acinus that begin the intercalated ducts

26
Q

The zymogen granules of the pancreatic acinar cells can do what based on diet?

A

Increase synthesis of either proteases or amylases based on intake of either more protein or more carbs

27
Q

How can you distinguish the endocrine pancreas?

A

LIGHTLY staining islets

28
Q

List the cell types and what they produce in the endocrine pancreas

A 
alpha = glucagon
beta = insulin
delta = somatostatin
PP = pancreatic polypeptide
29
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged in the liver?

A

Arranged into cords

30
Q

Function of hepatocytes?

A

Produce bile, metabolism, storage

31
Q

3 ways to look at a liver structure?

A

Hepatic lobule
Portal lobule
Liver acinus

32
Q

Where do hepatocytes secrete bile?

A

Bile canaliculus

33
Q

Where are bile canaliculi?

A

Between adjacent hepatocytes

34
Q

How do hepatocytes look on a histo image?

A

Large, polygonal with microvilli, large nuclei and cytoplasm stains eosinophilic

35
Q

Function of bile?

A

Fat absorption

36
Q

Describe the organization of a hepatic lobule

A

Hepatocytes form irregular plates radiating from a central vein

  • Sinusoids run in between plates of hepatocytes
  • Peripheral angles of each lobule contain a portal triad
37
Q

What will you find in the portal triad?

A

Arterial branch of hepatic artery
Venule branch of hepatic portal vin
Bile ductules (1-2)

38
Q

In the hepatic lobule, where does blood flow?

A

Toward the central vein

39
Q

In the hepatic lobule, where does bile flow?

A

Away from the central vein

40
Q

Describe the flow of bile

A 
Bile canaliculi
Canals of Hering
Bile ductules
Merge and enlarge
R and L hepatic ducts
41
Q

What type of cells are in the canals of Hering?

A

Cuboidal = cholangiocytes

42
Q

Purpose of sinusoids?

A

Supply hepatocytes with portal and arterial blood

43
Q

What type of cells can be found in sinusoids and what is their job?

A

Kupffer cells - macrophages

44
Q

Where is the perisinusoidal space?

A

Between hepatocytes and sinusoidal epithelium

45
Q

Purpose of perisinusoidal space?

A

Creates space for exchange of materials between the blood and hepatocytes - increases surface area for microvilli too

46
Q

Where is the periportal space?

A

Between hepatocytes and the portal triad CT

47
Q

Purpose of the periportal space?

A

Collects excess fluid from the perisinusoidal space and drains it to lymphatics

48
Q

What type of cells may you find in the periportal space?

A

Ito cells - store fat and vitamin A

49
Q

What is the portal lobule?

A

Triangle between 3 adjacent central veins

50
Q

What does the portal lobule outline?

A

Drainage pathway for bile

51
Q

What is the liver/hepatic acinus?

A

Diamond shape occupying adjacent lobules with a sinusoid running down the middle

52
Q

What is the purpose of the liver acinus?

A

Shows zones where the most O2 and nutrients will be received (and toxins)

53
Q

What can the liver acinus explain?

A

Distribution of liver damage from ischemia (zone 3, far away from sinusoid) or from toxins (zone 1, adjacent to blood supply)

54
Q

Purpose of gallbladder?

A

Store bile

55
Q

What type of epithelial cells are located in the gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar

56
Q

The gallbladder has NO _______ and ______

A

Muscularis mucosae and submucosa

57
Q

The muscularis externa for the gallbladder is oriented how?

A

In ALL directions

58
Q

Rokitansky - Aschoff sinuses

A

Deep pockets of mucosa that extend to the muscularis externa in the gallbladder

59
Q

Rokitansky - Aschoff sinuses increase your risk for?

A

Gallstones

60
Q

Where can you find Rokitansky - Aschoff sinuses?

A

Gallbladder

GIGU (29 decks)

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