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GIGU > Histo of Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histo of Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for sperm and androgen production?

A

Testes

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2
Q

Responsible for semen production and sperm nutrient sources?

A

Seminal Vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland

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3
Q

Where are the Testes located?

A

In the scrotum and associated posteriorly with the epididymis

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4
Q

What lines the testes and is the outermost structure?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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5
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Tunica Vaginalis?

A
  1. Outer parietal layer

2. Inner visceral layer

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6
Q

Deep to the inner visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis is?

A

Tunica Albuginea (TA)

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7
Q

The testes have septa that creates 250-300 ____ filled with?

A

Lobules filled with seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

What lines seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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9
Q

What cell types are located within the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

Spermatogenic cells

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10
Q

Seminiferous tubules are surrounded with 3-5 layers of?

A

Peritubular myoid cells

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11
Q

Job of peritubular myoid cells?

A

Create peristaltic contractions to help move the spermatozoa

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12
Q

Where can you find the interstitial cells of leydig?

A

Found in between seminiferous tubules in the testes

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13
Q

What do the interstitial cells of leydig contain and sit next to?

A

Contain steroid hormones (testosterone) and lipid droplets and sit next to blood vessels to release those products

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14
Q

How do interstitial cells of leydig stain?

A

White speckles due to the lipid droplets they contain

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15
Q

What cells accompany the interstitial cells of leydig?

A

Peritubular myoid cells and fibroblasts

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16
Q

What type of cells are sertoli cells (epithelium)?

A

Columnar cells with extensive processes

- Extend full thickness of epithelium

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17
Q

What is the hallmark feature of a sertoli cell?

A

Cyclops nucleus

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18
Q

Sertoli cells surround spermatogenic cells and occupy the spaces between them. What are the sertoli cells bound by?

A

Tight junctions

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19
Q

The tight junctions that bind sertoli cells together creates?

A

Sertoli cell - to - Sertoli cell junctional complex

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20
Q

What does the sertoli cell - to - sertoli cell junctional complex then create?

A

Blood - Testis - barrier

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21
Q

How do you find the Blood - Testis - Barrier?

A

Draw a horizontal line between the cyclops nuclei of the sertoli cells

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22
Q

What do the spermatogenic cells do?

A

Replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

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23
Q

What and where are spermatogonia?

A

Most immature spermatogenic cells that rest on basal lamina

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24
Q

What and where are the spermatids?

A

More mature spermatogenic cells that are attached to the apical surface of the sertoli cells near the seminiferous tubule lumen

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25
Q

Where are spermatogonia located?

A

Basement membrane

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26
Q

What are the 2 types of spermatogonia?

A

Type A

Type B

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27
Q

Type A spermatogonia can divide how?

A

It can generate copies of ITSELF OR

It can differentiate into a Type B spermatogonia

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28
Q

Type B spermatogonia can divide how?

A

They enter the meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes

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29
Q

Spermatocytes undergo ____ meiotic divisions

A

2

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30
Q

Where do spermatocytes undergo meiotic divisions?

A

In the blood-testis barrier

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31
Q

Describe spermatocytes maturation

A

Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatid

32
Q

The sertoli cell - to - sertoli cell junctional complex divides the epithelium into what compartments?

A

Basal and luminal compartments

33
Q

What do the basal and luminal compartments of the seminiferous tubule epithelium do?

A

Isolate germ cells from the systemic circulation

34
Q

What cells are restricted to the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

35
Q

What cells can pass through the blood-testis barrier to move from the basal to luminal compartment?

A

Primary spermatocytes

36
Q

What cells are restricted to the luminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

Secondary spermatocytes and spermatids

37
Q

Spermatids undergo ______ to become mature sperm

A

Spermiogenesis

38
Q

Round spermatids are housed?

A

In niches of sertoli cells

39
Q

Round spermatids are also called?

A

Early spermatids

40
Q

Elongated spermatids are housed?

A

In apical crypts of sertoli cells

41
Q

Elongated spermatids are also called?

A

Later spermatids

42
Q

Spermiation

A

Release of spermatids into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

43
Q

With spermiation, what is lost?

A

The intracellular bridges that connect spermatids to each other

44
Q

What is the sperm transport pathway?

A 
Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
Rete testis
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory duct
45
Q

Job of epididymis?

A

Fully mature sperm and store them

46
Q

Where are mature sperm stored?

A

TAIL of epididymis

47
Q

What are the cell types in the epididymis?

A

Principal cells

Stem cells of principal cells

48
Q

Describe principal cells (epithelium) in the epididymis

A

Columnar cells with stereocilia extending from lumen to basal lamina

49
Q

A thin circular layer of smooth muscle surrounds the epididymis cells, what additional smooth muscle is added and where?

A

An inner and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle are added to the tail region of the epididymis

50
Q

What epithelia is lining the Ductus (vas) deferens?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with SPARSE stereocilia

51
Q

Describe the layers of the muscular wall of the ductus deferens

A

Inner and outer longitudinal layer

Middle circular layer

52
Q

Ampulla of the ductus deferens leads to?

A

Prostate gland

53
Q

What are the accessory glands?

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Urethral glands

54
Q

What accessory glands (3) make up the majority of the seminal fluid?

A

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland

55
Q

Seminal vesicle secretes an alkaline secretion rich in?

A

Fructose and prostaglandins

56
Q

Seminal vesicles on a histo image?

A

Highly folded mucosa

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and smooth muscle layers

57
Q

Seminal vesicle ducts + ductus deferens =

A

Ejaculatory duct

58
Q

What are the zones of the prostate gland?

A

Central zone
Peripheral zone
Transitional zone
Periurethral zone

59
Q

Central zone of prostate gland

A

Surrounds ejaculatory ducts as they pierce prostate gland

60
Q

Peripheral zone of prostate gland

A

Surrounds central zone

61
Q

Where do most prostatic carcinomas arise?

A

Peripheral zone of prostate gland

62
Q

Transitional zone of prostate gland

A

Surrounds prostatic urethra

63
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Transitional zone compresses prostatic urethra and makes it hard to urinate

64
Q

Periurethral zone of the prostate gland contains?

A

Mucosal and submucosal glands

65
Q

Where do ALL glands empty into?

A

Prostatic urethra

66
Q

The lumen of the prostate gland contains columnar epithelia and what other structure?

A

Corpora Amylacea

67
Q

Corpora Amylacea

A

Found in the prostate gland

- Rich in glycoprotein and calcium

68
Q

Prostate produces an alkaline, ____ rich fluid to neutralize acidic environment of vagina

69
Q

What do bulbourethral glands look like?

A

Mucous glands (pale)

70
Q

Job of bulbourethral glands?

A

Secrete preseminal fluid that lubricates penile urethra

71
Q

What contains the penile urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

72
Q

Distal tip of corpus spongiosum?

A

Glans penis

73
Q

What surrounds each corpus cavernosum?

A

Tunica albuginea

74
Q

With erectile tissue, blood fills?

A

Cavernous spaces

75
Q

Describe the steps in the erectile tissue

A
  • Parasymp. relaxes smooth muscle and dilates helicine arteries = increased blood flow to cavernous spaces
  • Enlargement compresses the dorsal veins against the tunica albuginea and blocks venous outflow
  • At ejaculation, symp. constrict the helicine arteries and decrease blood flow and allow the veins to drain the blood

GIGU (29 decks)

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