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GIGU > Histo of Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Histo of Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Main 4 layers of the GI tract tissue from lumen to superficial?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia or Serosa

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2
Q

Which main layer of the GI tract tissue varies the most over the course of the organs?

A

Mucosa

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3
Q

Mucosa has 3 layers, from lumen to more superficial?

A

Lining epithelium - VARIES
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

In the lamina propria layer of the Mucosa, what will you find?

A

Loose CT that is well vascularized and contains lymphatic nodules and WBCs

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5
Q

Does the muscularis mucosae layer of the Mucosa control food movement?

A

NO - controls mobility and infoldings of mucosa

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6
Q

Describe the Submucosal layer in the GI tract

A

Dense irregular CT with neurovasculature and lymphatics and sometimes glands

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7
Q

In what regions of the GI tract does the Submucosal layer have glands?

A

Esophagus and the Duodenum

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8
Q

How many layers does the Muscularis Externa have?

A

2

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9
Q

What are the layers of the Muscularis Externa?

A

Inner circular layer

Outer longitudinal layer

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10
Q

Function of the inner circular layer of the Muscularis Externa?

A

Constrict lumen

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11
Q

Function of the outer longitudinal layer of the Muscularis Externa?

A

Shorten tube

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12
Q

What resides between the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer of the Muscularis Externa?

A

Neurovascular plexuses

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13
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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14
Q

When the Adventitia is covered with Mesothelium

A

Serosa

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15
Q

Areas without Mesothelium

A

Adventitia

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16
Q

Areas without mesothelium… are they intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitonal (adventitia)

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17
Q

What are the main mucosal types along the GI tract?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous OR

Simple Columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Where will you find Non-keratinized stratified squamous and what is its job?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, anal canal

Job = PROTECTION

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19
Q

Where will you find Simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines

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20
Q

In the stomach, describe the mucosa there

A

Simple columnar epithelium packed with glands

Job = SECRETION

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21
Q

In the small intestines, describe the mucosa there

A

Simple columnar epithelium arranged as villi with crypts, may or may not have glands
Job = ABSORPTION

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22
Q

In the large intestines, describe the mucosa there

A

Simple columnar epithelium packed with glands and goblet cells
Job = ABSORPTION AND PROTECTION

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23
Q

What are the 2 plexuses that innervate the GI tract?

A

Submucosal plexus of Meissner

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach

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24
Q

Which plexus is in between the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer of the Muscularis Externa?

A

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach

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25
Q

What does the neurovascular plexuses control?

A 
Peristaltic contractions (move food) down muscularis externa AND
Secretory activities of the mucosal and submucosal glands
26
Q

Preganglionic axons of the parasymp. ___ motility

A

INCREASE

27
Q

Postganglionic axons of the symp. _____ motility

A

DECREASE

28
Q

What type of epithelium does the Mucosal layer of the esophagus contain?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

29
Q

The submucosal layer of the esophagus contains what?

A

Collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels and venous plexuses

30
Q

Increased pressure can cause dilation of submucosal venous sinuses in the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

31
Q

What type of glands may be seen in the esophagus?

A

Cardiac esophageal glands in lamina propria and submucosal glands

32
Q

Describe the muscularis externa layers in the upper third of the esophagus?

A

Skeletal muscle

33
Q

Describe the muscularis externa layers in the middle third of the esophagus?

A

Smooth and skeletal muscle

34
Q

Describe the muscularis externa layers in the lower third of the esophagus?

A

Smooth muscle

35
Q

GERD

A

Reflux of gastric contents, causes chronic inflammation and difficulty swallowing

36
Q

If GERD is chronic, what can occur?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous will transition to columnar mucus-secreting/glandular = Barrett’s esophagus

37
Q

Place where the nonkeratinized stratified squamous transitions to simple columnar

A

Gastroesophageal junction - very sharp transition

38
Q

Rugae

A

Longitudinal folds of gastric mucosa that expand during eating - covered with gastric pits

39
Q

Gastric glands produce mucosal barrier for protection and reach lumen via?

A

Gastric pits on Rugae

40
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the mucosal layer of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

41
Q

What type of glands does the lamina propria contain in the stomach?

A

Cardiac, gastric and pyloric

42
Q

What facilitates release from gastric glands?

A

Muscularis Mucosae

43
Q

What are the layers in the Muscularis Externa in the stomach?

A

Oblique
Circular
Longitudinal

44
Q

What layer in the Muscularis Externa thickens to form the pyloric sphincter?

A

Circular

45
Q

Does the stomach have adventitia or serosa?

A

Serosa!

46
Q

What are the parts of a gastric gland?

A

Gastric pit
Neck/isthmus
Gastric gland

47
Q

Where in the mucosal layer do the gastric glands begin?

A

Muscularis mucosae

48
Q

What are the cell types found on the gastric glands?

A

Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells

49
Q

What do mucous cells of the gastric gland release?

A

Mucin to neutralize acid environment

50
Q

Where are surface mucous cells found?

A

Line lumen and gastric pits

51
Q

Where are mucous neck cells found?

A

In gastric gland neck

52
Q

Where are chief cells found?

A

Inferior 1/3 part of gastric glands

53
Q

How do chief cells stain in gastric glands?

A

Abundant granules, basal nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm

54
Q

What do chief cells in gastric glands release?

A

Pepsinogen - converted to pepsin
Gastric lipase
= protein digestion

55
Q

Where are parietal cells found?

A

Upper segment and neck of gastric glands

56
Q

How do parietal cells stain in gastric glands?

A

Large cells, central round nuclei and cytoplasm stains eosinophilic

57
Q

What do parietal cells in gastric glands produce?

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

58
Q

Gastric ulcers

A

Erosive lesions in mucosa that extend deeper - painful

59
Q

What are some causes of gastric ulcers?

A

Bacterial infection
NSAIDS
Overproduction of enzymes or underproduction of mucous/bicarbonate

60
Q

Cells that are scattered in gastric mucosa that release hormones essential for digestive function

A

Enteroendocrine cells

GIGU (29 decks)

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