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GIGU > Histo of Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histo of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The menstrual cycle consists of what 2 cycles?

A
  1. Ovarian Cycle

2. Uterine Cycle

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2
Q

What happens during the ovarian cycle?

A

Several follicles undergo folliculogenesis in preparation for ovulation

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3
Q

What happens during the uterine cycle?

A

Endometrium prepares for implantation

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4
Q

The ovary is lined by what 2 things?

A 
Ovarian surface epithelium 
Tunica Albuginea (CT capsule)
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5
Q

What type of epithelium is the ovarian surface epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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6
Q

The ovarian surface epithelium is the embyronic source for what cell types that comprise growing follicles?

A

Granulosa cells

Stromal cells

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7
Q

The ovary is made of a peripheral cortex and inner medulla. What is contained in the peripheral cortex?

A

Ovarian follicles

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8
Q

The ovary is made of a peripheral cortex and inner medulla. What is contained in the inner medulla?

A

Interstitial cells, neurovasculature and lymphatics

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9
Q

The ovarian follicles are in the ovarian cortex. What does a single follicle contain?

A

A single oocyte

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10
Q

When do early stages of oogenesis occur?

A

Fetal life

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11
Q

Oocytes present at birth remain arrested in?

A

Meiosis 1

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12
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Select follicles undergo growth and maturation

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13
Q

What are the phases of folliculogenesis?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulatory phase
  3. Luteal phase
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14
Q

What is the order of maturation for follicles in the follicular phase of folliculogenesis?

A
  • Primordial follicles
  • Primary follicles
  • Late primary follicles
  • Secondary follicle
  • Mature follicle
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15
Q

Granulosa cells within a follicle surround and support?

A

Oocyte

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16
Q

Primordial follicles epithelium

A

Simple squamous cells surrounding oocyte

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17
Q

Primary follicles epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte

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18
Q

Late primary follicles epithelium

A

Stratified granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte

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19
Q

What separates granulosa cells in a follicle from the ovarian stroma?

A

Basal lamina

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20
Q

How do stratified granulosa cells in a late primary follicle communicate?

A

Gap junctions

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21
Q

Describe what occurs in a secondary follicle

A

Granulosa cells begin to secrete follicular fluid
- Fluid accumulates in spaces = Call-Exner bodies
- Call-Exner bodies merge = Antrum
Stromal cells form separate Thecal layers

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22
Q

At what follicle would you expect to see an antrum of follicular fluid?

A

Secondary follicle

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23
Q

At what follicle would you expect to see the stromal cells separate into thecal layers?

A

Secondary follicle

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24
Q

What are the thecal layers of the stromal cells surrounding the secondary follicle?

A

Theca Interna

Theca Externa

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25
Q

Job of Theca Interna cells?

A

Produce Androstenedione that is converted to Estradiol

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26
Q

Theca Interna cells are adjacent to?

A

Basal lamina of the follicle

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27
Q

The thecal layers of the stromal cells are what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified cuboidal

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28
Q

What changes occur with a mature follicle?

A

Antrum enlarges - 2cm and thecal layers thicken

Granulosa cell populations arise

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29
Q

In a mature follicle, what are the granulosa cell types?

A

Mural Granulosa cells
Cumulus Oophorous
Corona Radiata

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30
Q

Where are Mural granulosa cells?

A

Lining the follicular wall

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31
Q

Where are Cumulos oophorous cells?

A

Anchoring the primary oocyte to the follicular wall

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32
Q

Where are the Corona radiata cells?

A

Immediately surrounding the zona pellucida that surrounds the oocyte

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33
Q

Describe the layers you would see from most external to internal in a mature follicle

A 
Theca Externa
Theca Interna
Basal lamina 
Mural Granulosa Cells
Cumulus Oophorous (one portion) and Antrum (rest)
Corona Radiata
Zona pellucida
Oocyte
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34
Q

During one menstrual cycle only 1 follicle becomes the dominant follicle. What do the other follicles undergo?

A

Follicular Atresia

35
Q

Follicular Atresia

A

Failure of a follicle to ovulate

36
Q

What is the mechanism for Follicular Atresia?

A

Apoptosis to ensure no inflammatory response

37
Q

What is the appearance of a follicle undergoing follicular atresia?

A

GLASSY membrane

38
Q

After the mature follicle is created in the follicular phase of folliculogenesis, what is the next phase?

A

Ovulatory phase

39
Q

What happens during the ovulatory phase of folliculogenesis?

A

LH surge causes Oocyte to undergo ovulation and enters oviduct

40
Q

During the ovulatory phase of folliculogenesis, what cells repair the ovarian surface epithelium?

A

Mural granulosa cells and Theca Interna cells

41
Q

What is the next phase of folliculogenesis after the ovulatory phase?

A

Luteal phase

42
Q

What occurs during Luteinization of the luteal phase of folliculogenesis?

A

Thecal cells differentiate into the corpus luteum to promote endometrial changes that support implantation

43
Q

What thecal cells differentiate into the corpus luteum?

A

Mural granulosa cells

Theca Interna cells

44
Q

For the Luteal phase, what will the mural granulosa cells become in the corpus luteum?

A

Granulosa lutein cells

45
Q

For the luteal phase, what will the theca interna cells become in the corpus luteum?

A

Theca lutein cells

46
Q

What do granulosa lutein cells secrete?

A

Estrogen and pregesterone

47
Q

What do theca lutein cells secrete?

A

Androstenedione and progesterone

48
Q

If fertilization occurs, what does the corpus luteum do?

A

Continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone

49
Q

If fertilization occurs, what stimuli acts on the corpus luteum for them to continue secreting estrogen and progesterone?

A

hCG

50
Q

If fertilization does NOT occur, what does the corpus luteum do?

A

Luteolysis

51
Q

Luteolysis

A

Regression of the corpus luteum and it forms corpus albicans

52
Q

Corpus albicans

A

The regression of the corpus luteum;

- Made of scar CT with collagen and becomes very small

53
Q

What are the main layers of the uterine tube?

A

Mucosal layer of simple columnar epithelium
Smooth muscle layer
Serosa

54
Q

What cells are in the mucosal layer of the uterine tube and what is their response to estrogen?

A

Ciliated cells and secretory peg cells that grow in size in response to estrogen

55
Q

What is in the smooth muscle layer of the uterine tubes and what function does this layer have?

A

Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
- peristaltic contractions to move zygote/oocyte to uterus

56
Q

More folds are housed in the _____ of the uterine tube

A

Ampulla

57
Q

What are the 2 options for the endometrium with the uterine cycle

A

Endometrium prepares for implantation or is shed and menstruation occurs

58
Q

What are the tissue parts of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

59
Q

Serosa covering the posterior surface of the uterus

A

Perimetrium

60
Q

Thick smooth muscle, has a stratum vasculare in the central circular layer of the uterus

A

Myometrium

61
Q

What type of epithelium is the endometrium?

A

Simple columnar with simple tubular glands

62
Q

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?

A

Basal layer and Functional layer

63
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstruation?

A

Basal layer

64
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation?

A

Functional layer

65
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is closest to the myometrium?

A

Basal layer

66
Q

The endometrium is supplied by ______ arteries

A

Arcuate

67
Q

The basal layer of the endometrium is supplied by ______ artery

A

Straight

68
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium is supplied by ______ artery

A

Coiled/spiral

69
Q

Before menstruation, what happens to the arcuate artery?

A

The artery contracts at the straight-coiled junction

70
Q

What occurs after the arcuate artery contracts at the straight-coiled junction?

A

Reduces blood flow to the functional layer of the endometrium, it is destroyed and shed

71
Q

What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
72
Q

What days and what happens during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 1-4

- Functional layer sloughed away

73
Q

What days and what happens during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 5-14

  • Glands proliferate and spiral artery elongates
    • Estrogen DEPENDENT
74
Q

What days and what happens during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 15-28

- Endometrium reaches max thickness and glands appear saw tooth

75
Q

What reaction occurs if pregnancy takes place?

A

Decidual reaction

76
Q

With the decidual reaction, fibroblasts differentiate into decidual cells and store?

A

Glycogen and lipids

77
Q

What functions does the decidual reaction serve?

A

Provides immune protective environment

Moderates syncytiotrophoblast invasion

78
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cervix?

A

Endocervix

Ectocervix

79
Q

What type of epithelium is at the endocervix?

A

Simple columnar with cervical crypts

80
Q

If the cervical crypts at the endocervix get occluded/dilated, what will form?

A

Nabothian cysts

81
Q

What type of epithelium is at the ectocervix?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

82
Q

What type of epithelium is at the vagina?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

83
Q

What is the hallmark of the vagina epithelium?

A

NO GLANDS

GIGU (29 decks)

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