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GIGU > Histo of Small and Large Intestines > Flashcards

Histo of Small and Large Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

Main portions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

Principal site for digestion of food and absorption of digested products?

A

Small intestines

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3
Q

What are the transverse folds in the intestines called and what are layers are they made of?

A

Plicae Circularae

- Submucosal and Mucosal layers

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4
Q

What project off of the Plicae Circulares?

A

Villi

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5
Q

Intestinal villi project off of the folds of plicae circularae, what type of epithelium are they?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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6
Q

What type of cells make up the simple columnar epithelium on the intestinal villi?

A

Enterocytes and scattered goblet cells

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7
Q

Each intestinal villi also contains a white core, what is that called?

A

Lacteal

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8
Q

What is the function of enterocytes?

A

Produce enzymes for digestion and absorption

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9
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

Produce mucus coating for protection from abrasion

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10
Q

What is located on individual cells of the intestinal villi to increase absorption?

A

Microvilli

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11
Q

On what cell are microvilli located?

A

Enterocytes of the villi of the plicae circulares

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the small and large intestines?

A

Submucosal plexus of Meissner AND

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach

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13
Q

Where will you find the myenteric plexus of auerbach?

A

Between the inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

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14
Q

What type of epithelium are intestinal glands?

A

Simple columnar

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15
Q

What are the cell types found in intestinal glands?

A

Paneth cells
M cells
Intestinal stem cells
Enteroendocrine cells

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16
Q

Another word for the intestinal gland?

A

Crypt

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17
Q

Describe paneth cells

A

Found at base of intestinal gland

  • Will stain eosinophilic in cytoplasm
  • Functions in innate immunity
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18
Q

Describe intestinal stem cells

A

Found in niches at base of intestinal gland

- Differentiate into different cell types such as goblet cells or enteroendocrine cells or enterocytes

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19
Q

Main function of M cells?

A

Highly specific antigen transporting cells

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20
Q

Where will you find M cells?

A

Overlying Peyer’s Patches

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21
Q

Main function of Enteroendocrine cells?

A

Secrete hormones that aid in digestive function

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22
Q

2 types of Enteroendocrine cells?

A

Closed - not open to lumen

Open - apical end contacts lumen

23
Q

Epithelial type found in the small intestines?

A

Simple columnar

24
Q

Defining features of the Duodenum?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells

- DUODENAL GLANDS FOUND IN SUBMUCOSA

25
Q

Defining features of the Jejunum mucosal and submucosal layers?

A

NONE

  • simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells, long villi and lymphoid nodules (mucosa)
  • NO submucosal glands
26
Q

Defining features of the Ileum?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells,
PEYER’S PATCHES, Paneth cells at base of glands
- NO submucosal glands

27
Q

Describe the duodenum mucosal layer

A

Simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells

28
Q

Describe the duodenum submucosal layer

A

DUODENAL GLANDS! - neutralize acidic chyme

29
Q

Describe the jejunum mucosal layer

A

Simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells, long villi, long lacteal and lymphoid nodules

30
Q

Describe the jejunum submucosal layer

A

NO SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS

31
Q

Describe the ileum mucosal layer

A

Simple columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells, PEYER’S PATCHES, Paneth cells at base of glands

32
Q

What are peyer’s patches?

A

Lymphoid nodules found in the ileum mucosal layer

33
Q

Describe the ileum submucosal layer

A

NO SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS

34
Q

How can you tell you are at the Gastroduodenal junction?

A

Noticeable presence of duodenal submucosal glands deep to the muscularis mucosase

35
Q

What makes up the large intestine?

A 
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal
36
Q

Main function of large intestine?

A

Absorb water, vitamins, minerals, sedatives, anesthetics, steroids

37
Q

Does the large intestine have villi?

A

NO

38
Q

What are the main hallmarks of the large intestine?

A

NO villi, lots of goblet cells making up the intestinal glands of simple columnar epithelium with colonocytes

39
Q

Describe the mucosal layer of the large intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium with colonocytes and lots of goblet cells
- lamina propria and muscularis mucosae are also present

40
Q

Describe the submucosal layer of the large intestine

A

Dense irregular CT, well vascularized

41
Q

What is different about the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa in the large intestine?

A

Organized into taeniae coli that will form the haustra of the large intestine

42
Q

What is the haustra of the large intestine?

A

It’s segmented appearance

43
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Aganglionosis in the distal colon

= portion of distal colon is not innervated by a plexus!

44
Q

What gene mutation causes Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

RET gene mutation that causes insufficient migration of NCC

45
Q

Most common site of Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

Short-segment disease - confined to rectosigmoid region

46
Q

Symptoms of Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

Constipation, poor feeding, progressive abdominal distention

47
Q

What 3 things will you find in the anal canal?

A

Anal columns
Anal sinuses
Anal glands

48
Q

What are anal columns?

A

Mucosal folds

49
Q

What are anal sinuses?

A

Depressions between the anal columns

50
Q

What are circumanal glands?

A

Apocrine glands surrounding the anal orifice

51
Q

What are the 3 anal canal zones on a histo image?

A

Colorectal zone
Anal transition zone
Squamous zone

52
Q

What epithelium is in the colorectal zone?

A

Simple columnar

53
Q

What happens at the anal transition zone?

A

Simple columnar transitions into stratified squamous epithelium

54
Q

What type of epithelium is at the squamous zone?

A

Stratified squamous

GIGU (29 decks)

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