Microbiology: Chapter 20 infectious disease Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Endocarditis

Answer 1

inflammation of inner most valve of the heart

Question 2

Two variations of infectious endocarditis are…

Answer 2

-acute endocarditis
-subacute endocarditis

Question 3

subacute endocarditis

Answer 3

-example:rheumatic fever

Question 4

Plague- “Black Death”

Answer 4

-caused by Yersinia pestis (gram negative)
-transmitted between rats by fleas; endemic
-fleas will bite humans and transmit disease

Question 5

Three possible kinds of infection that occur with the bacterium causing plague are called what?

Answer 5

Bubonic plague, septicemic plague, Pneumonic plague

Question 6

Bubonic plague:

Answer 6

swollen lymph nodes

Question 7

septicemic plague

Answer 7

infection in the blood

Question 8

pneumonic plague

Answer 8

inheld version (infection in the lungs 100% mortality)

Question 9

Tularemia; (Francisella tularensis)

Answer 9

-gram negative bacillus
-from infected animals-direct or vector-borne
-inhaled or skin abrasion
-considered a potential bioterrorism agent

Question 10

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Answer 10

-bull-eye rash followed weeks later by flu-like symptoms
-second phase: irregular heart beat, chronic neurological problems, possible meningitis/ encephalitis
-third phase: (months-years): arthritis
-spread through ticks
-tend to be on deer
-climate change can cause the increase of ticks

Question 11

Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus)

Answer 11

-cause of mono virus
-transmitted: respiratory droplets or shared anything (direct, indirect contact)

Question 12

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

Answer 12

-Gram positive bacillus; endospores in soil
-grazing animals consume- sepsis
-There is a human vaccine but requires a lot of different injections

Question 13

3 part exotoxin of the Bacillus anthracis

Answer 13

-edema factor: swelling; interferes phagocytosis
-protective antigen: aids edema toxin
-lethal factor: inflammation and shock

Question 14

3 forms of the Bacillus anthracis

Answer 14

-cutaneous (on the skin)
-GI (consumption of endospores)
-pulmonary (most severe) in the lungs

Question 15

Hemorrhagic fever disease

Answer 15

transmitted by aedes mosquito

Question 16

Yellow fever

Answer 16

-chills, headache, nausea, vomiting- jaundice (most severe)
-transmitted by Aedes mosquito

Question 17

Dengue fever

Answer 17

-can be mild, but can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever
-body produces non-neutralizing antibodies are produced, but not strong enough
-transmitted by Aedes mosquito

Question 18

Chikungunya fever

Answer 18

-high fever, joint pain- weeks to months (very long lasting)
-transmitted by Aedes mosquito

Question 19

Brucellosis (Brucella species)

Answer 19

-gram negative, coccobacilli
-damaged skin, inhaled or ingested (dairy)
-infects phagocytes (disease gets inside the cells)
-undulating fever
-serious disease in animals (cattle)
-are animals vaccines
-no human vaccine available

Question 20

Q fever (coxiella burnetii)

Answer 20

-mostly asymptomatic to mild flu-like ; pneumonia
-possible endocarditis
-can affect animals and humans