Chapter 12

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

A substance produced by one microorganisms that inhibits another microorganisms

Question 2

Narrow spectrum

Answer 2

Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types—for example, a drug effective mainly on gram-positive bacteria

Question 3

Broad spectrum

Answer 3

Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types—for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Question 4

What are the major actions of antimicroial drugs

Answer 4

-protein synthesis
-folic acid synthesis
-cell wall inhibitors
-cell membrane
-DNA/RNA

Question 5

What drives development of resistance?

Answer 5

-Acquisition of new traits by horizontal transfer
-Spontaneous mutation in critical genes
-improper use
-outdated/impure/counterfeit
- prevention