Chapter 7, 8, and some of 9 Flashcards
microbial growth
refers to numbers not size
two catorgories Nutrition
macronutrients and micronutrients
where does a photoautotroph get its energy?
the sunlight
Where does a Photoheterotroph gets its energy from?
sunlight
Where does a Chemoheterotroph gets its energy from?
Metabolic conversion of the nutrients from other organisms
Where does a saprobe gets its energy from
Metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms
where does a parasite gets its energy from
Utilizing the tissues, fluids of a live host
where does a Chemolithoautotrophs gets its energ from?
Inorganic compounds (minerals)
What is passive process?
Process that doesn’t require energy
Example of passive process
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
what is osmosis?
molecules moving in water
What is an isotonic solution?
water concentration is equal within the cell and outside of the cell
What is a hypotonic solution?
diffusion inside of the cell
What is a hypertonic solution?
water diffuses out of the cell and shrinks the cytoplasmic membrane away from the cell wall
What are the two processes for transporting substances across the membrane?
passive processes, and active processes
What are the examples of active processes?
group translocation, bulk transport, and carrier-mediated active transport
pinocytosis
liquids, such as oil or molecules in solution enter the cell here
What are factors that influence microbial growth?
temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, atmospheric, radiation and hydrosatic atmospheric pressure, and other organisms
What are the 3 general groups of requirements for temperature?
psychrophile, mesophiles, and thermophile
what are psychrophiles?
cold loving
What are mesophiles?
moderate-temp-loving
what are thermophile?
heat loving
What are the catorgeries of gas growth
aerobe, facultative anaerobe, and anaerobe
What is aerobe?
organism that uses oxygen during metabolism
What is facultative anaerobe?
a microbe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and is capable of growth in the absence of it.
What is an anaerobe?
lacks the metabolic enzyme systems for using oxygen in respiration
What are the requirements of pH?
-most bacteria grow around neutral pH
-acidophiles are acid tolerant
requirements of radiation and hyrdostatic?
Atmospheric pressure
What are organismal requirements?
symbiotic, and nonsymbiotic
What are the three main symbiotics?
mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
What are the two nonsymbiotics?
synergism and antagonism
What is binary fission?
the split into 2 cells
What is generation time?
The time to divide (population doubles)
