Microbiology: Antibiotic Resistance

Question 1

There are many forms of resistance and different organisms can resist _______ of some agents in different ways.

Answer 1

Activity

Question 2

Bacteria have a large rapidly multiplying population. How does this help them become antibiotic resistant?

Answer 2

• mutations occur
• some will develop resistance and its growth will be favored
• can pass resistance via plasmids and conjugation

Question 3

What are the different resistance mechanisms?

Answer 3

1. Prevent entrance of drug
2. Pump agent out of cell
3. Inactivate drug

Question 4

Penicillin G cannot pass through the outer membrane of ____ organisms.

Answer 4

G(-)

Question 5

What organisms can prevent entrance of drugs?

Answer 5

• G(-) with penicillin g

- mycobacteria (glycocalyx)

Question 6

What organisms can pump an agent out of its cell?

Answer 6

• E. coli
• pseudomonas
• S. aureus

Question 7

What enzyme can split penicillin molecules and inactivate it?

Answer 7

Penicillinase

Question 8

What are the things you can do to combat resistance?

Answer 8

1. Use high enough dose of drug and soon enough do not allow time to develop resistance
2. Continue therapy after symptoms have subsided
3. Use a combination of drugs to lower probability that organisms can develop two or more resistances