Microbio - UTIs Flashcards
Define uncomplicated UTI
Infection of the urinary tract without any structural or functional abnormality
Define complicated UTI
infection of the urinary tract with functional or structural abnormalities
Complicated UTI is generally an infection in which kind of patients?
Male
pregnant
Indwelling catheters
Children
Prevalence of bacteriuria in young non-pregnant women?
1-3%
List the 4 most common bacterial causes of UTI
E. Coli
Staph. Saprophyticus
Proteus
Klebsiella
Clinical features of lower UTI in diff patients?
Generally: dysuria, frequency, urgency, haematuria
Children - vague (fever, irritability, vomiting)
Elderly - asymptomatic
Clinical features of pyelonephritis
Fever
Rigors
Flank pain
Gram +ve, coagulase -ve, UTI
- name 2 common causes
S. Saprophyticus
S. Epidermis (prostheses)
Extra renal causes of urinary tract obstruction
BPH, Calculi
Intrarenal causes of urinary tract obstruction
PCKD
SCD
Hypokalemic nephropathy?!
Neurogenic causes of renal tract obstruction
Poliomyelitis
Diabetic neuropathy
Spinal cord injury
Haematogenous route of UTI - what tends to cause this?
S. aureus bacteremia or endocarditis
If urine dip shows +ve leukocytes alone, what step should you take next?
Urine culture
Treat if severe Sx
what culture result is diagnostic of UTI?
^exception to this rule?
Culture of single organisms >10^4 colony forming units/mL
Accept lower number if E.Coli or S. saprophyticus
Urine microscopy - which cells, if you saw them, would be indicative of sample contamination
squamous epithelial cells