Histopath - urology Flashcards
Epidermoid cyst - which area does this affect? what is it?
Scrotum
Benign skin cysts filled with keratin
Scrotal calcinosis - what is this?
Calcified nodules in scrotal skin
Blue/red lesions of scrotal skin?
Angiokeratomas
Fournier’s gangrene?
Necrotising fasciitis on scrotum
15-20% mortality
Scrotal squamous cell carcinoma - importance?
Assoc with occupational exposure to carcinogens in chimney workers
Condylomas?
Warts caused by HPV on penis
Inflammatory disease of foreskin –> tightening of foreskin
Lichen sclerosus
Inflammatory disease of glans –> red areas
Zoon’s balanitis
Which paratesticular disease is associated with STIs in <35yo? what is the causative organism in >35yo?
Epididymitis.
E. Coli in older men
What is a hydrocele?
Cause?
Accumulation of fluid between 2 layers of tunica vaginalis
Cause - trauma or other underlying pathology
Varicocele
Abnormal dilatation of venous plexus in SPERMATIC CORD
A benign paratesticular neoplasm? What is the appearance? Histology?
Adenomatoid tumour
- Small solid grey/white nodules
- Small tubules lined by mesothelial cells
3 testicular tumours which are NON-germ cell. Prognoses?
Testicular lymphoma - v poor
Leydig and Sertoli cell tumours - benign
Testicular germ cell tumours
- RFs?
- affected age group?
- undescended testis (cryptorchidism). also LBW
- Young men, age 20-45yo
Precursor lesion for germ cell tumours?
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)
Presentations of testicular germ cell tumours?
Painless testicular lump - MOST COMMON
Can present with metastatic disease - back pain, resp Sx
Prognosis of testicular germ cell tumours? why?
- 98% survival at 5 years
- they are v sensitive to platinum based chemo!
Renal stones - are men or women more commonly affected?
Men
Renal stones - composition?
most are calcium oxalate
2 causes of hypercalciuria –> renal stone formation?
Either GI calcium absorption OR high Ca reabsorption in renal PCT