Microbial Genetics Pt. 2

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

physical features + functional traits of an organism

Structures,morphology, metabolism

Question 2

Identify the major elements and events that occur during transcription

Answer 2

RNA polymerase begins to unzip a portion of DNA, the 4 bases of RNA begin to make mRNA (the complemenary of the DNA), mRNA will detach from the DNA,

A-U
C-G

Question 3

Identify the major elements and events that occur during translation

Answer 3

mRNA is read by a ribosome 3 amino acids (codon) at a time, tRNA has the matching anticodon and amino acid and attaches to the mRNA codon

Question 4

describe what the genetic code is

Answer 4

• Codons and their amino acids

Question 5

why is genetic code considered universal and redundant

Answer 5

• more than 1 codon encodes same amino acid
• most life uses same code

Question 6

discuss why transcription and translation is coupled in prokaryotes and not in eukaryotes

Answer 6

prokaryotes: coupled because translation can begin before transcription complete

eukaryotes: not couples because transcription is completed in nucleus before translation in cytoplasm