Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body pt.2

Question 1

Two ways resistance is acquired by bacteria

Answer 1

new mutations during replication

horizontal gene transfer

every time take drug –> selective pressure on pathogen –> resistance cell can grow out

Question 2

Mechanisms of resistance used by bacteria to avoid actions of antibiotic’s

Answer 2

produce enzyme

prevent entry of drug

alter target drug so binds less effectively

pump drug out before it can act

covers themself in biofilm

Question 3

produce enzyme

Answer 3

destroy/deactivate cells

beta lactamase –> destroy beta lactams

Question 4

prevent entry of drug

Answer 4

alter porins –> resistance to tetracycline and penecilin

Question 5

alter target drug so binds less effectively

Answer 5

erthromycin (ribosomes) and sulfonamide (PABA enzyme)

Question 6

pump drug out before it can act

Answer 6

efflux pump

Question 7

covers themself in biofilm

Answer 7

barrier

Question 8

Development of bacterial resistance to antibiotic can be slowed

Answer 8

only use antibiotics when prescribed

always take the full prescription

never use leftover antibiotic

never share

prevent infection by washing hands, avoid contact with sick people, keeping you vax up to date