Microbial Genetics Pt. 1

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

All genetic information in cell

DNA=living things
RNA=Viruses

• Prokaryotes = 1 circular genome
• Eukaryotes = multiple pairs

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

How our genome is organized
- molecule of DNA + proteins

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

segment of DNA encoding a
functional product
-found within genome

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

Just genes of an organism

• Expression of our genes

Question 5

Describe the structure and function of plasmids

Answer 5

Structure: small, circular, double stranded DNA

-not apart of genome, only found in prokaryotes

Function: carry genes for replicating their DNA, transferring themselves from one host cell to another, non-essential for survival, replicate any time it wants, antibiotic resistant

Question 6

Describe the major players of DNA replication

Answer 6

Helicase: unzips
Topoisomerase: Relaxes
Primase: RNA Primer
DNA Polymerse: New DNA
- read 3-5
-synthesizes 5-3
Ligase: Glues lagging fragments

Question 7

How bacterial (prokaryotes) DNA replicates

Answer 7

Circular DNA
One replication bubble
One origin

Question 8

How eukaryotic DNA replicates

Answer 8

Linear DNA
Multiple replication bubbles
multiple origins

Question 9

How eukaryotic and bacterial (prokaryotes) DNA replicates

Answer 9

Bidirectional forks
2 forks at each origin