Crash Course in Immunology pt.2

Question 1

Two major arms of adaptive immunity

Answer 1

Humoral and cellular

Question 2

Humoral Immunity

Answer 2

antibodies produced by B cells
Attack extracellular pathogens
(Antibody=mediated immunity)

Question 3

Cellular Immunity

Answer 3

T cell receptors target intracellular pathogens
Rejection of forgien tissue and deconstruction of tumor cells
(cell=mediated immunity)

Question 4

Antigen

Answer 4

any substance that causes body to produce antibodies

Question 5

Antibody

Answer 5

Immunoglobulins
proteins
2 identical antigen-binding sites

Question 6

Each class of antibody

Answer 6

IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM

Question 7

IgA

Answer 7

secreted into mucous, saliva, tears, colostrum
tags pathogens for destruction

Question 8

IgD

Answer 8

B-cell receptor stimulates release of IgM

Question 9

IgE

Answer 9

binds to most cells and basophils
Allergy and anti-parasitic activity

Question 10

IgG

Answer 10

binds to phagocytes
main antibody for secondary responses
crosses placenta

Question 11

IgM

Answer 11

fixes complement
Main antibody of primary response
B-cell receptor
Immune system memory

Question 12

Major outcomes of an antigen-antibody interaction

Answer 12

Agglutination
Opsonization
Activation of Complement
Neutralization

Question 13

Agglutination

Answer 13

reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with

Question 14

Opsonization

Answer 14

coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis

Question 15

Activation of Complement

Answer 15

causes inflammation and cell lysis

Question 16

Neutralization

Answer 16

blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa
blocks attachment of toxin

Question 17

Primary Response in Humoral immunity

Answer 17

produced first time antigen encountered
- IgM first, declines
- IgG increases

Question 18

Secondary Response in Humoral immunity

Answer 18

produced on subsequent antigen exposure
- IgM response same
- IgG response quicker and higher
- Memory response due to memory cells produced during primary response

Question 19

T Cells

Answer 19

Recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells that process antigen first
- dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 20

Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)

Answer 20

secrete cytokines that activate other cells of immune system

• TH1 Helper cell
• TH2 Helper cell

Question 21

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 T cells)

Answer 21

target intracellular pathogens (viruses)
Lyse cell or induce apoptosis

Question 22

Types of acquired immunity

Answer 22

Active immunity
Passive Immunity

Question 23

Active Immunity

Answer 23

production of antibodies by body itself and development of memory cells

Natural:infection
Artificial: Vaccination

Question 24

Passive Immunity

Answer 24

acquisition of antibodies from another
source memory cells not developed

Natural: maternal antibodies
Artificial: Monoclonal antibodies

Question 25

TH1 Helper cells

Answer 25

activate macrophages to phagocytose and cytotoxin T cells to kill infected cells

Question 26

TH2 Helper cells

Answer 26

stimulate B cells to proliferate and secrete more antibody