Methods and types of practice

Question 1

Name four methods of practice

Answer 1

Whole, Part, Progressive-Part and Whole-Part-Whole

Question 2

Describe whole practice

Answer 2

When a skill can’t be broken down and taught in subroutines and so it is taught as one movement, good for fluency

Question 3

Give an example of skills taught as whole practice

Answer 3

High organisation and simple skills

Question 4

Describe part practice (Fractionalisation)

Answer 4

When skills are taught in subroutines, good for beginners as it reduces complexity

Question 5

Describe progressive-part practice (Segmentation)

Answer 5

Teaching of a skill with each subroutine being taught as part of a chain by adding the learning of a subroutine to the previously learnt subroutine

Question 6

Give an example of skills taught as part practice

Answer 6

Low organisation and complex

Question 7

Give an example of skills taught as progressive-part practice

Answer 7

Serial skills

Question 8

Describe Whole-Part-Whole practice

Answer 8

Once a performer has tried to perform the skill, identify weakness and work to improve this until the skill can be performed as a whole

Question 9

Give three advantages of whole practice

Answer 9

• greater kinaesthetic awareness
• greater understanding of timing and fluency
• quicker transfer of skill practice to game situations

Question 10

Give three disadvantages of whole practice

Answer 10

• unsuitable for complex skills and so reduces relevance and use especially for advanced learners
• high attention demands reduces motivation if skill is constantly performed incorrectly

Question 11

Give three advantages of part practice

Answer 11

• reduces risk of injury of complex and dangerous skills
• increase motivation through progressive learning
• improves technique and confidence

Question 12

Give three disadvantages of part practice

Answer 12

• reduce fluidity of movement
• more time consuming
• lacks kinaesthetic awareness as a whole movement

Question 13

Give three advantages of massed practice

Answer 13

• causes fatigue to stimulate later phases of competition
• reinforces technique through continuous practice
• kinaesthetic awareness

Question 14

Give three advantages of distributed practice

Answer 14

• regular rest breaks allow for feedback and preparation
• motivating especially for cognitive learners
• adequate recovery time for dangerous skills

Question 15

Name four types of practice

Answer 15

Varied, Fixed, Distributed and Massed

Question 16

Describe varied practice with example

Answer 16

• handball
• constantly changing environment
• develop SCHEMA for adaptation and decision making
• open skills and invasion games

Question 17

Describe fixed practice with example

Answer 17

• best for closed skills
• unchanging environment
• ‘well grooved’ ‘over learning’
• shot put

Question 18

Describe distributed practice with example

Answer 18

• rests allow feedback
• cognitive
• complex skills
• imitates start of the competition

Question 19

Describe massed practice

Answer 19

• no rest periods
• autonomous - fitness and motivation
• continuous