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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > method of evaluation > Flashcards

method of evaluation Flashcards

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1
Q

More than how many percent of the diagnosis are coming from
the laboratory.

A

70%

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2
Q

short-term monitoring of
accuracy precision inside a laboratory is termed
as your internal quality control (Everyday),

A

quality control

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3
Q

Monitoring of the long-termed of accuracy and
precision inside your clinical chemistry laboratory
and that is __- they are being given to us by the National
Reference Laboratory for NEQAS for proficiency
testing

A

external quality control (Monthly)

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4
Q

The foundation for monitoring performance (known as QC) is
___.

A

descriptive statistics

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5
Q

Assessment of data dispersion, or spread, allows
laboratorians to assess the predictability (and the lack of) in a laboratory test or measurement.

A

Descriptive Statistics

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6
Q

Assessment of data ___, or spread, allows
laboratorians to assess the predictability (and the lack of) in a laboratory test or measurement

A

dispersion

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7
Q

disadvantage of using bovine based qc

A

not recommended for dye binding assay
not recommended for certain bilirubin assays
not recommended for immunohistology chemistry

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8
Q

to look for the accuracy, we need to find the __

A

mean

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9
Q

to look for the mean, we need to compare ___

A

t test

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10
Q

to find accuracy, we need to find mean, to find mean, we need to compare t test

accuracy
mean
t test

true or false

A

true

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11
Q

to find the precision/systematic error

we need to look for the f test and standard deviation

true or false

A

true

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12
Q

what is the component of the quality control chart

A

mean and standard deviation

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13
Q

It detects the accuracy

A

mean

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14
Q

it detects the precision

A

standard deviation

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15
Q

The three most commonly used descriptions of the center of a
dataset are the mean, the median, and the mode.

A

Measures of Center

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16
Q

The three most commonly used descriptions of the center of a
dataset are the ___,__ and ___

A

mean, the median, and the mode.

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17
Q

is most commonly used and often called the average. Add all the data and divide the number of data

A

mean

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18
Q

it is The measure of center (mean), spread (how far) and shape
(bell shaped

A

descriptive statistics

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19
Q

to know the dispersion and how spread the data, we look for the ___

A

standard deviation

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20
Q

descriptive statistics is composed of 3 things

A

center
spread
shape

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21
Q

to look for the center we look for the __-

A

mean

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22
Q

a quality control material should always follow bell shape called

A

gaussian distribution curve

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23
Q

the area under our bell shape curve is always

A

100 %

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24
Q

the data in the gaussian curve is always __ which means the data on the left side mirrors the right side

A

symmetrical

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25
Q

if the gaussian curve is not symmetrical, it means that the data are ___

A

skewed

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26
Q

the top of the bell shape curve inidcates the

A

mean

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27
Q

what is the value of 1sd

A

68.3

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28
Q

we can determine how spread the data from the true value based from the ___

A

mean

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29
Q

a limit which the data is no longer acceptable

A

farther than 2sd

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30
Q

is the “middle” point and is often used with skewed data
so its calculation is not significantly affected by outliers.

A

median

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31
Q

is rarely used as a measure of the data’s center but is
more often used to describe data that seem to have two
centers (i.e., bimodal)

A

mode

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32
Q

means can be symbolizes as

A

X bar or a summation sign

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33
Q

three commonly used measurement of spread - precision

A

range
standard deviation
coefficient variation

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34
Q

least commonly used measurement of spread - prcision

A

range

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35
Q

most commonly used measurement of spread - prcision

A

standard deviation

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36
Q

formula for stanrd deviation index

A

data - mean divide them all by SD

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37
Q

formula for rnage

A

high - low

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38
Q

a measurement of spread that can be used for small data or sample

A

range

39
Q

formla for variance

A

the summation of the quantity squared of X - mean

divided them all by n-1

40
Q

formula for stadard variation

A

squareroot of variance

41
Q

measure of shape
1 sd

A

68.3

42
Q

measure of shape
2 sd

A

95.7

43
Q

measure of shape
3 sd

A

99.5

44
Q

it is the squared of all the data around the mean

A

variance

45
Q

Is one description of the spread of data. It is simply the
difference between the highest and lowest data points:

A

range

46
Q

what is the unit for coefficient variation

A

%

47
Q

formula for coefficient variation

A

SD / mean x 100

48
Q

what is the ruling for coefficient variation

A

the higher CD lower precision

49
Q

all of the precise instrument should have a coefficient of variation of how many percent

A

less than 1%

50
Q

A solution of known characteristics and of known value or
whose concentration is accurately known

A

standard solution

51
Q

a solution that is for accuracy

A

standard solution

52
Q

a solution that is for precision

A

control solution

53
Q

it is composed of one known constituent only and used as
a basis of reference for the calculation of the value of the
unknown.

A

standard solution

54
Q

this solution is 100% pure

A

standard solution

55
Q

a solution that Serve as a reference for unknown

A

standard solution

56
Q

A solution without the specimen.

A

blank solution

57
Q

It is the statement of the extent of variation in any
series of measurement

A

standard variation

58
Q

It is a measure of the distribution range of values
around the mean value or average

A

standard variation

59
Q

it is the measure of spread of data

A

sd

60
Q

It is the percentile expression of the mean which
is measure of the relative magnitude of variability.

A

coefficient of variation

61
Q

It is the ratio of the standard deviation over the
mean expressed in percent

A

coefficient of variation

62
Q

It is a statement of variability and measures the
significant differences between groups of data

A

variance

63
Q

Most commonly used chart

A

shewhart-levey jennings chart

64
Q

Also referred as a Levey-Jenning chart, S-L/J

A

shewhart-levey jennings chart

65
Q

also known as dot chart

A

shewhart-levey jennings chart

66
Q

the most important chart in cchm that detects all types of error

A

shewhart-levey jennings chart

67
Q

It will group any series of measurement in the
same sample in a cluster around the mean in a
bell shaped curve

A

gaussian curve

68
Q

what is our reference interval

A

95%

69
Q

any data that fall outside the reference interval or confidence limit is an ___

A

outlier or out of control

70
Q

5 or more consecutive data either increasing or decreasing that pass through the mean is called

A

trend

71
Q

what is the common cause for trend?

A

deterioration of reagent

72
Q

an up and down data withot passing the mean is called

5 consecutive data that fall either on one side of the mean

A

shift

73
Q

what is the common cause of shift?

A

improper calibration of instrument

74
Q

abrupt change will show a data __

A

shift

75
Q

progressing

A

trend

76
Q

gradual

A

trend

77
Q

what type of water we are using for control solution

A

typeII wwater

78
Q

what grade of water we are using for control solution

A

analytic/reagent grade

79
Q

A solution (either commercially or non-commercially
prepared) composed of several known constituents which
can be run simultaneously with the test to check the
accuracy of the results. (

A

control solution

80
Q

a solution that is Stable for a long period of time

A

control solution

81
Q

When to Perform Quality Control

A
  • Beginning of each shift (Daily testing)
  • New instrument
  • After an instrument is serviced
  • When reagent lots are changed (yearly)
  • After calibration
    Whenever patient results seem inappropriate
82
Q

a histogram that detects all type of error

A

shhart-levey jennings chart

83
Q

a chart Plotted with the accumulated differences from the
mean of individual values with the middle value
being zero.

A

Cumulative Sum Graph

84
Q

a chart that should always be computerized

A

cumulative sum graph

85
Q

a chart that is used to compare the result when there’s changes in the mean and in the target value

A

cumulative sum graoh

86
Q

a chart used to compare the results of different laboratories

A

youden plot

87
Q

which of the rule is considered as a mandatory rule

A

1 3s

88
Q

which of the rule that is classified as a warning rule

A

1 2s

89
Q

States that 1 controlled value exist ± 2 standard deviation
from the mean.

A

1 2s

90
Q

what type of error is outlier/

A

random and systematic

91
Q

type of error of trend

A

systematic

92
Q

type of error of shift

A

systematic

93
Q

in order to create a reference value, we need to test how many samples?

A

120-700 samples

94
Q
A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (22 decks)

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