metabolism

Question 1

two mechanisms of Glucose Catabolism

Answer 1

glycolysis and the aerobic degradation

Question 2

describe the glycolysis (anaerobic)

Answer 2

turning glucose in two molecules of pyruvic acid or lactic acid (muscles) and the release of 2 ATP - after: gylocogenolysis: release of the glucose from the storage areas

is made in the absence of 02
includes 10 states of chemical reactions
each stage is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
during intense training

Question 3

describe the aerobic degradation

Answer 3

continues the anaerobic oxidative process; in the mitochondria;
turning pyruvic acid into acetyl Co A -> Krebs cycle (oxidation) -> 2 Co2, H20 (out of H+) and 38 ATP

Question 4

describe the glycogen genesis

Answer 4

anabolic process of glucose polymerization into glycogen

provides the constant value of the glycaemia

Question 5

describe the gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

process of synthesis of the glucose from non-carbohydrates (lipids or amino acids)

Question 6

lipids of circulation are constituted from the

Answer 6

triglycerides of absorption, lipids after the hydrolysis of the reserve triglycerides etc

Question 7

Lipid Catabolism

Answer 7

• triglycerides of adipose tissue are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids
• > gylcerol couples with carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis)
• > fatty acids are degraded by oxidation in acetyl Co A in the mitochondria

Question 8

Biosynthesis of the proteins

Answer 8

transcribed by mRNA in the nucleus -> to the ribosomes were the amino acids coupling (translation) occurs

Question 9

Oxidative Deamination

Answer 9

Removing an amine grouping -> keto-acids and ammoniac result

• keto-acids in Krebs cycle or synthesis of glucose etc.
• ammoniac is neutralized into urea

Question 10

Transamination

Answer 10

Synthesis of unessential amino acids through the transfer of a amine group to a keto-acid

Question 11

energetic metabolism is determined by two groups of methods

Answer 11

calorimetric method and the methods of gas exchanges

Question 12

Describe the methods of gas exchanges

Answer 12

ration between eliminated Co2 and consumed O2 (QR=respiratory coefficient) QR=Co2/O2

Question 13

nervous regulation of the metabolic processes

Answer 13

by sympathetic vegetative nervous fibers

through adrenalin