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admission exam > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

proteolytic enzymes from the gastric juice

A

pepsin, lab ferment, gelatinase

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2
Q

proteolytic enzymes from the pancreatic juice

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase

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3
Q

the feces contains

A

rests resulted from digestion, vegetal cellulose fibers, desquamated cells from the mucosa, germs (non/pathogenic)

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4
Q

tissue/mucosa at the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus (upper 1/3)

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

tissue/mucosa at the middle and lower 1/3 of the digestive tube

A

uni-stratified columnar epithelium

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6
Q

connective tissue/submucosa in the entire digestive tube

A

loose connective tissue with blood vessels and vegetative nervous fibers

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7
Q

muscular at the upper 1/3 of the digestive tube

A

striate muscular tissue

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8
Q

muscular at the lower 1/3 of the digestive tube

A

smooth muscular tissue with two layers: internal (with circular fibers) and external (with longitudinal fibers)

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9
Q

muscular at the stomach

A

3 layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular and inner oblique fibers

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10
Q

muscular at the colon

A

external layer concentrates in 2-3 bands (teniae)

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11
Q

muscular at the sphincters

A

circular fibers

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12
Q

Adventitia at the pharynx, esophagus and terminal portion of the rectum

A

loose connective tissue

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13
Q

Adventitia at the middle and lower third of the digestive tube (except the terminal portion of the rectum)

A

thick connective tissue

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14
Q

sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach

A

cardia sphincter

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15
Q

sphincter between the stomach and the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

3 parts of the stomach

A

Fundus, body, antrum (and pyloric canal)

17
Q

parts of the small bowel

A

duodenum and free intestine (jejunum and ileum)

18
Q

parts of the large intestine

A

cecum (with appendix; right side),
ascending, transverse and descending + sigmoid colon)
rectum with anal orifice

19
Q

sphincter of the anal orifice

A
  1. internal sphincter (smooth, vegetative controlled)

2. external sphincter (striated, voluntary controlled)

20
Q

protein metabolic function of the liver

A

synthesis of plasmatic proteins (albumin..) and amino acid

21
Q

carbohydrates metabolism of the liver

A

keeping constant the glycaemia by glycogen genesis (Aufbau) and gluconeogenesis (Abbau), Speicherung als Glykogen

22
Q

lipids metabolism of the liver

A

synthesis of the phospholipids and cholesterol, ketogenesis

23
Q

Otter functions of the liver

A

bile secretion, stores vitamines (A,D;B12,K) and iron (required for the synthesis of hemoglobin), hematopoietic function in the fetal period, regulating the acid-basal balance, ammonia into urea…

24
Q

antiseptic role present in the digestive system

A

salvia and HCL in the gastric juice,

25
Q

where takes the protein absorption place

A

at first part of small bowel through active and selective mechanisms at the internal pole and passive mechanism from their external pole to the blood

26
Q

where takes the carbohydrate absorption place

A

at the jejunum through passive mech and active ones (glucose requires energy with transporter)

27
Q

how functions the lipid absorption

A

pinocytosis, diffusion (glycerol!) and by complexes of hydro soluble mycelia (for insoluble fatty acids and cholesterol) with biliary salts
(-> liposoluble vitamins also form complexes with the biliary salts!!)

28
Q

putrefaction in the transverse and sigmoid colon

A

decarboxylation and deamination of undigested protein compounds by the action of anaerobic bacterial flora - results ammoniac - to the liver -> neutralized as urea

29
Q

fecal matter consist of

A

90% food debris and 10% mucus, desquamous epithelia, leucocytes, bacteria

30
Q

cortical center of deglution

A

medullar centers of deglutition (remember: medullar respiratory centers nearby)

31
Q

nervous centers of salivary secretion

A

parasympathetic centers in the medulla oblongata and in the pons

32
Q

nervous centers of gastric secretion

A

medullar secretory center

transmitted via the vagal nerve

33
Q

humoral regulation of the gastric secretion

A

gastrin stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL)

negative feedback

34
Q

humoral stimulation of the intestinal secretion

A

main Stimulating hormone is enterocrinin

35
Q

biliary lithiasis

A

defies the formation of calculi at the level of the gall bladder
is more frequent in women, obese persons and persons with unbalanced diets
is caused by a sedentary way of life, not following a meal schedule and endocrine factors

36
Q

enterocolitis

A

inflammation of the small bowel and large intestine mucosa

cause is infectious (bacterial or rarer viral)

37
Q

in the liver the amino acids

A

are decarboxylazed

are oxidative deaminated

38
Q

causes of constipation

A

pregnancy
sedentary way of life
inadequate ingestion of liquids
old age

admission exam (16 decks)

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