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admission exam > cortex > Flashcards

cortex Flashcards

1
Q

two distinct formations of the cortex

A

the limbic system and the neocortex

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2
Q

the limbic system has two layers of nervous cells

A

granular layer (sensitive) and pyramidal layer (motor)

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3
Q

functionally the two parts of the limbic system

A

paleocortex and archicortex

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4
Q

the paleocortex of the limbic system has which function

A

it is the olfactory brain (the primary olfactory area)

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5
Q

the archicortex of the limbic system has which function

A

it is the behavioral brain (formed by the hippocampal formations; vegetative reactions)

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6
Q

the neocortex comprises 3 types of areas

A

sensitive (receptor neocortex), motor (effector neocortex) and of association

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7
Q

the somatosensitive areas are located in

A

the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe

fibers of tactile, thermal, pain and proprioceptive project

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8
Q

the motor areas are located in

A

the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe (voluntary motility) -> descending pyramidal pathways originate from here

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9
Q

the area of associations are located in

A

the frontal (for psychical and behavioral), temporal (emotions, sexual..) and parietooccipital lobe (somatic activity)

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10
Q

the physiology of the cortex: there are two categories of reflexes

A

the unconditioned and conditioned reflexes

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11
Q

which structure regulates the wakefulness and sleep

A

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) by the reticular formations of the brainstem

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12
Q

wakefulness is caused by

A

the increase of the ARAS tonus

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13
Q

sleep is caused by

A

inhibiting the ARAS

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14
Q

the unconditioned reflexes are

A

innate and common for all individuals, constant and invariable

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15
Q

the conditioned reflexes are

A

acquired during the lifetime, temporary and do not have pre-established paths

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16
Q

the efferent pathways of the sympathetic nervous system are

A

visceral motor fibers of the spinal nerves constituted by one short pre- and one long postganglionic neuron

17
Q

the efferent pathways of the parasympathetic nervous system are

A

visceral motor fibers of the crainal nerves III, VII, IX and X formed by one long pre- and one short post-ganglionic neuron (synapse in the organ lining or nearby it)

18
Q

the nervous centers of the sympathetic nervous system are located in

A

the lateral medullar columns, hypothalamus and limbic system

19
Q

the nervous centers of the parasympathetic

nervous system are located in

A

sacral cord, nuclei of the brainstem, hypothalamus and limbic system

20
Q

Lateral sulcus or Sylvian fissure divides which lobes

A

parietal and temporal

21
Q

central sulcus or Rolandic fissure dives which lobes

A

frontal and Partietal

22
Q

parietooccipital sulcus divides which lobes

A

parietal and occipital lobes

23
Q

calcarean sulcus is located where

A

occipital lobe

where the primary visual cortex is located

24
Q

auditory centre is located in

A

the temporal lobe

25
Q

the visual centre is located in

A

the occipital lobe

26
Q

cortical dynamics of the conditioned excitant

A

the con. excitant my cause the excitation state under certain conditions and the inhibition state in other conditions

27
Q

the irradiation of UE/CE consists in

A

extending the excitation or inhibition from one cortical area to the neighboring cortical areas (functionally connected to the first one)

28
Q

The concentration of UE/CE consists in

A

the return to the irradiated excitation or inhibition to the initial area (active process)

29
Q

the mutual induction of UE/Ce consists in

A

an excitiation focus which causes the inhibition in the foci around it - while an inhibition focus causes an excitation focus around it

30
Q

the external inhibition

A

is common for the unconditioned reflexes and it cocoas under the action of an external excitant without a preparation in advance of the cortex

31
Q

The internal inhibition

A

is common for the cortex and it occurs only after being prepared
The forms of internal inhibition are: inhibition of disappearance, of delay and of differentiation

32
Q

the descending fibers of the reticular formation of the brain stem constitute the

A
  • facilitar reticular system which intensifies the muscular tones
  • and the inhibitor reticular system with reverse effects
33
Q

the cranial parasympathetic originates in

A

the brainstem

34
Q

the sacral parasympathetic originated from

A

the sacral medullar segments (S2-S4)

admission exam (16 decks)

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