cortex

Question 1

two distinct formations of the cortex

Answer 1

the limbic system and the neocortex

Question 2

the limbic system has two layers of nervous cells

Answer 2

granular layer (sensitive) and pyramidal layer (motor)

Question 3

functionally the two parts of the limbic system

Answer 3

paleocortex and archicortex

Question 4

the paleocortex of the limbic system has which function

Answer 4

it is the olfactory brain (the primary olfactory area)

Question 5

the archicortex of the limbic system has which function

Answer 5

it is the behavioral brain (formed by the hippocampal formations; vegetative reactions)

Question 6

the neocortex comprises 3 types of areas

Answer 6

sensitive (receptor neocortex), motor (effector neocortex) and of association

Question 7

the somatosensitive areas are located in

Answer 7

the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe

fibers of tactile, thermal, pain and proprioceptive project

Question 8

the motor areas are located in

Answer 8

the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe (voluntary motility) -> descending pyramidal pathways originate from here

Question 9

the area of associations are located in

Answer 9

the frontal (for psychical and behavioral), temporal (emotions, sexual..) and parietooccipital lobe (somatic activity)

Question 10

the physiology of the cortex: there are two categories of reflexes

Answer 10

the unconditioned and conditioned reflexes

Question 11

which structure regulates the wakefulness and sleep

Answer 11

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) by the reticular formations of the brainstem

Question 12

wakefulness is caused by

Answer 12

the increase of the ARAS tonus

Question 13

sleep is caused by

Answer 13

inhibiting the ARAS

Question 14

the unconditioned reflexes are

Answer 14

innate and common for all individuals, constant and invariable

Question 15

the conditioned reflexes are

Answer 15

acquired during the lifetime, temporary and do not have pre-established paths

Question 16

the efferent pathways of the sympathetic nervous system are

Answer 16

visceral motor fibers of the spinal nerves constituted by one short pre- and one long postganglionic neuron

Question 17

the efferent pathways of the parasympathetic nervous system are

Answer 17

visceral motor fibers of the crainal nerves III, VII, IX and X formed by one long pre- and one short post-ganglionic neuron (synapse in the organ lining or nearby it)

Question 18

the nervous centers of the sympathetic nervous system are located in

Answer 18

the lateral medullar columns, hypothalamus and limbic system

Question 19

the nervous centers of the parasympathetic

nervous system are located in

Answer 19

sacral cord, nuclei of the brainstem, hypothalamus and limbic system

Question 20

Lateral sulcus or Sylvian fissure divides which lobes

Answer 20

parietal and temporal

Question 21

central sulcus or Rolandic fissure dives which lobes

Answer 21

frontal and Partietal

Question 22

parietooccipital sulcus divides which lobes

Answer 22

parietal and occipital lobes

Question 23

calcarean sulcus is located where

Answer 23

occipital lobe

where the primary visual cortex is located

Question 24

auditory centre is located in

Answer 24

the temporal lobe

Question 25

the visual centre is located in

Answer 25

the occipital lobe

Question 26

cortical dynamics of the conditioned excitant

Answer 26

the con. excitant my cause the excitation state under certain conditions and the inhibition state in other conditions

Question 27

the irradiation of UE/CE consists in

Answer 27

extending the excitation or inhibition from one cortical area to the neighboring cortical areas (functionally connected to the first one)

Question 28

The concentration of UE/CE consists in

Answer 28

the return to the irradiated excitation or inhibition to the initial area (active process)

Question 29

the mutual induction of UE/Ce consists in

Answer 29

an excitiation focus which causes the inhibition in the foci around it - while an inhibition focus causes an excitation focus around it

Question 30

the external inhibition

Answer 30

is common for the unconditioned reflexes and it cocoas under the action of an external excitant without a preparation in advance of the cortex

Question 31

The internal inhibition

Answer 31

is common for the cortex and it occurs only after being prepared The forms of internal inhibition are: inhibition of disappearance, of delay and of differentiation

Question 32

the descending fibers of the reticular formation of the brain stem constitute the

Answer 32

- facilitar reticular system which intensifies the muscular tones - and the inhibitor reticular system with reverse effects

Question 33

the cranial parasympathetic originates in

Answer 33

the brainstem

Question 34

the sacral parasympathetic originated from

Answer 34

the sacral medullar segments (S2-S4)