circulatory system Flashcards
cardiac wall of the heart is formed of 3 layers
epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
the epicardium is which layer
the external one (actually the visceral layer of the serous pericardium=rough connective tissue)
the myocardium is which layer
the intermediate layer, formed by striate muscular tissue of cardiac type
the endocardium is which layer
the inner layer, formed by epithelial membrane
the vessels of the right atrium are
superior and inferior vena cava, coronary sinus (coronary veins)
the vessels of the right ventricle are
left and right pulmonary artery (with 3 valvullae)
the vessels of the left atrium are
4 pulmonary veins
the vessels of the left ventricle are
aortic artery (with valvuallae)
the systolic debt is the
volume of expulsed blood by the heart in a systole, about 75ml
the cardiac debt is
the volume of blood sent by the heart in the body per minute = systolic debt x heart rate (75 x 75= 5.5 l/min)
the cardiac labor is
the mechanical work of the heart in systole = systolic volume x average blood pressure (75ml x 100mmHg)
the main properties of the arteries are
elasticity and contractility
the main properties of the veins are
distensibility (blood tanks) and contractility
remember: they capacity is 3 times higher than the arteries
the main properties of the capillaries are
capillary circulation, permeability and motility
where does the coronary arteries detach
from the origin of the aorta (left ventricle) and form a pair (left and right coronary artery)
where does the coronary veins detach
they go back in the right atrium over the coronary sinus
the main properties of the myocardium are
excitabilty, automatism, conductibility and contractility
the main lymphatic truncs
the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
the circulation of the lymph is performed due to
the thoracic aspiration and contraction of skeletal musculature
tachycardia
over 100 beats per minute
may be caused by heat or the sympathetic influence under adrenalin and noradrenalin
cardiac cycle is formed by/and duration
systole and diastole
lasts 0.8s
(atrial cycle: 0.1s (S) + 0.7s (D)
ventricular cycle: 0.3s (S) + 0.5s (D))
systolic noise caused by
the closure of the atrioventricular valves
the diastolic noise is caused by
the closure of the semilunar valves of the aortic artery
layers of arteries
tunica adventitia (connective tissue with collagen and elastin), tunica media (concentric elastic lamina and smooth muscular fibers) and tunica intimacy (uni-layered endothelium)
