circulatory system

Question 1

cardiac wall of the heart is formed of 3 layers

Answer 1

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 2

the epicardium is which layer

Answer 2

the external one (actually the visceral layer of the serous pericardium=rough connective tissue)

Question 3

the myocardium is which layer

Answer 3

the intermediate layer, formed by striate muscular tissue of cardiac type

Question 4

the endocardium is which layer

Answer 4

the inner layer, formed by epithelial membrane

Question 5

the vessels of the right atrium are

Answer 5

superior and inferior vena cava, coronary sinus (coronary veins)

Question 6

the vessels of the right ventricle are

Answer 6

left and right pulmonary artery (with 3 valvullae)

Question 7

the vessels of the left atrium are

Answer 7

4 pulmonary veins

Question 8

the vessels of the left ventricle are

Answer 8

aortic artery (with valvuallae)

Question 9

the systolic debt is the

Answer 9

volume of expulsed blood by the heart in a systole, about 75ml

Question 10

the cardiac debt is

Answer 10

the volume of blood sent by the heart in the body per minute = systolic debt x heart rate (75 x 75= 5.5 l/min)

Question 11

the cardiac labor is

Answer 11

the mechanical work of the heart in systole = systolic volume x average blood pressure (75ml x 100mmHg)

Question 12

the main properties of the arteries are

Answer 12

elasticity and contractility

Question 13

the main properties of the veins are

Answer 13

distensibility (blood tanks) and contractility

remember: they capacity is 3 times higher than the arteries

Question 14

the main properties of the capillaries are

Answer 14

capillary circulation, permeability and motility

Question 15

where does the coronary arteries detach

Answer 15

from the origin of the aorta (left ventricle) and form a pair (left and right coronary artery)

Question 16

where does the coronary veins detach

Answer 16

they go back in the right atrium over the coronary sinus

Question 17

the main properties of the myocardium are

Answer 17

excitabilty, automatism, conductibility and contractility

Question 18

the main lymphatic truncs

Answer 18

the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct

Question 19

the circulation of the lymph is performed due to

Answer 19

the thoracic aspiration and contraction of skeletal musculature

Question 20

tachycardia

Answer 20

over 100 beats per minute

may be caused by heat or the sympathetic influence under adrenalin and noradrenalin

Question 21

cardiac cycle is formed by/and duration

Answer 21

systole and diastole
lasts 0.8s
(atrial cycle: 0.1s (S) + 0.7s (D)
ventricular cycle: 0.3s (S) + 0.5s (D))

Question 22

systolic noise caused by

Answer 22

the closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 23

the diastolic noise is caused by

Answer 23

the closure of the semilunar valves of the aortic artery

Question 24

layers of arteries

Answer 24

tunica adventitia (connective tissue with collagen and elastin), tunica media (concentric elastic lamina and smooth muscular fibers) and tunica intimacy (uni-layered endothelium)

Question 25

nervous regulation of the circulatory system

Answer 25

cardio-vasomotor nerves found in the pontomedullary reticular formation + depressor and pressure centers
controlled by the vegetative centers in the hypothalamus and cortex

Question 26

physical effort causes

Answer 26

cardiac frequency up to 200 beats per minute
cardiac debit up to 30 liters per min
cardiac debit 6 times higher