excretory system Flashcards
the medullar area of the kidneys are formed by
7-14 Malpighi renal pyramids, renal papillae and renal sinus
the renal pyramids compromise
uriniferous tubules and collecting tubes
renal lobules is formed of
Ferien pyramids and the cortical labyrinth
the cortical area of the kidneys is formed of
glomeruli and the nephrons urniferous tubules
a renal Lobe is formed by
renal pyramid, renal lobules and the overlying cortex
the nephron is constituted by
Malphinghi corpuscle and uriniferous tubule
The malphigi renal corpuscle comprimses
the Bowmann capsule and the renal glomerulus
The Bowmann capsule consists of two layers
visceral layer (adheres to the glomerulus) and the parietal layer
the proximal convoluted tubule is formed b with epitehlium
columnar epithelium with brush-like edge
The loop of Henle is formed by which epithelium
flattened epithelium
the distal convoluted tubule forms the
juxta-glomerular apparatus (in contact with the afferent arteriole) with role in the regulation of the blood pressure (secretes renin)
opens up in the collector duct (ends at the renal papilla)
kidney vascularization
renal artery -> interloper arteries -> arched arteries -> interlobular arteries -> afferent arterioles
the afferent arterioles make capillaries among the
renal glomerulus
the efferent arteriole make capillaries among the
uriniferous tubules
Kidney innervation is formed by which fibers
vagal and sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus
the urinary tracts (way to the exit)
small calyces (6-12) -> large calyxes (2-3) -> renal pelvis -> ureters (30cm length) -> bladder -> urethra
Describe the glomerular ultrafiltration
process of blood plasma passage through the filtrating membrane of the Malphigi corpuscle -> primary urine (180 L per day)= the constitution of deprozeinated plasma
- effective filtering pressure at the filtering membrane
Describe the tubular reabsorption
the passage of some constituents from the uriniferous tubule into the blood capillaries (passive or active transportation) - at the level of the proximal and distal segements
Describe the tubular secretion
Passage from the peritubular blood capillaries into the tubular lumen
- at the level of the distal convoluted tubule
- due to the concentration gradient und diffusion
- > at the end: urine reduces to 1.5l/24h (final urine)
endocrine function of the excretory system
by the secretion of renin at the level of the juxtaglomelur apparatus - renin is inactive but activates the angiotensin I -> vasoconstricor effect -> releases aldosterone
humoral regulation of the water elimination
- by ADH/vasopressin (neurohypophyse): reabsorption of the water in the distal segment + collector duct
- by Aldosteron: reduces the elimination of Na and increases the elimination of K
- by the parathormone: increase of Na, P excretion and the reduction of the elimination of Ca, Mg..
nervous innervation of the urine elimination
dissension of the bladder stimulates the receptors from the visceral wall -> sensitive parasymphatetic fibers at the medullar nervous centers of the micturition (S1-S3) triggering by parasympathetic way (pelvis nerves) the relaxation of the internal sphincter
the tissue of the bladder
is lined with urothelium; has 3 smooth muscular layers; capacity of 300-350mL
the bladder is formed by the body and col (trigon)
renin
secreted by the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus
transforms angiotensinogen in angiotensin I (vasoconstriction)
stimulates the release of Aldosterone
renal failure
causes: infectious, toxic, allergic and traumatic
