excretory system

Question 1

the medullar area of the kidneys are formed by

Answer 1

7-14 Malpighi renal pyramids, renal papillae and renal sinus

Question 2

the renal pyramids compromise

Answer 2

uriniferous tubules and collecting tubes

Question 3

renal lobules is formed of

Answer 3

Ferien pyramids and the cortical labyrinth

Question 4

the cortical area of the kidneys is formed of

Answer 4

glomeruli and the nephrons urniferous tubules

Question 5

a renal Lobe is formed by

Answer 5

renal pyramid, renal lobules and the overlying cortex

Question 6

the nephron is constituted by

Answer 6

Malphinghi corpuscle and uriniferous tubule

Question 7

The malphigi renal corpuscle comprimses

Answer 7

the Bowmann capsule and the renal glomerulus

Question 8

The Bowmann capsule consists of two layers

Answer 8

visceral layer (adheres to the glomerulus) and the parietal layer

Question 9

the proximal convoluted tubule is formed b with epitehlium

Answer 9

columnar epithelium with brush-like edge

Question 10

The loop of Henle is formed by which epithelium

Answer 10

flattened epithelium

Question 11

the distal convoluted tubule forms the

Answer 11

juxta-glomerular apparatus (in contact with the afferent arteriole) with role in the regulation of the blood pressure (secretes renin)
opens up in the collector duct (ends at the renal papilla)

Question 12

kidney vascularization

Answer 12

renal artery -> interloper arteries -> arched arteries -> interlobular arteries -> afferent arterioles

Question 13

the afferent arterioles make capillaries among the

Answer 13

renal glomerulus

Question 14

the efferent arteriole make capillaries among the

Answer 14

uriniferous tubules

Question 15

Kidney innervation is formed by which fibers

Answer 15

vagal and sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus

Question 16

the urinary tracts (way to the exit)

Answer 16

small calyces (6-12) -> large calyxes (2-3) -> renal pelvis -> ureters (30cm length) -> bladder -> urethra

Question 17

Describe the glomerular ultrafiltration

Answer 17

process of blood plasma passage through the filtrating membrane of the Malphigi corpuscle -> primary urine (180 L per day)= the constitution of deprozeinated plasma
- effective filtering pressure at the filtering membrane

Question 18

Describe the tubular reabsorption

Answer 18

the passage of some constituents from the uriniferous tubule into the blood capillaries (passive or active transportation) - at the level of the proximal and distal segements

Question 19

Describe the tubular secretion

Answer 19

Passage from the peritubular blood capillaries into the tubular lumen

• at the level of the distal convoluted tubule
• due to the concentration gradient und diffusion
• > at the end: urine reduces to 1.5l/24h (final urine)

Question 20

endocrine function of the excretory system

Answer 20

by the secretion of renin at the level of the juxtaglomelur apparatus - renin is inactive but activates the angiotensin I -> vasoconstricor effect -> releases aldosterone

Question 21

humoral regulation of the water elimination

Answer 21

• by ADH/vasopressin (neurohypophyse): reabsorption of the water in the distal segment + collector duct
• by Aldosteron: reduces the elimination of Na and increases the elimination of K
• by the parathormone: increase of Na, P excretion and the reduction of the elimination of Ca, Mg..

Question 22

nervous innervation of the urine elimination

Answer 22

dissension of the bladder stimulates the receptors from the visceral wall -> sensitive parasymphatetic fibers at the medullar nervous centers of the micturition (S1-S3) triggering by parasympathetic way (pelvis nerves) the relaxation of the internal sphincter

Question 23

the tissue of the bladder

Answer 23

is lined with urothelium; has 3 smooth muscular layers; capacity of 300-350mL
the bladder is formed by the body and col (trigon)

Question 24

renin

Answer 24

secreted by the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus
transforms angiotensinogen in angiotensin I (vasoconstriction)
stimulates the release of Aldosterone

Question 25

renal failure

Answer 25

causes: infectious, toxic, allergic and traumatic