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endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

hormones of the adenohypohysis of the pituitary gland

A 
somatropin hormone (STH) and tropic glandular hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
thyrotrope hormone (TSH)
gonadotropic hormone  
folicullostimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
luteotropic hormone (LTH) or prolactin (PRL)
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2
Q

function of the somatropin hormone

A

growth of entire body (cell development, synthesis of proteins, lipids oxidation)
hyperglycemic role
- hypersecretion prior to puberty: gigantism
- after puberty: acromegaly (excrementies, face bones, lips, viscera)
- hyposecretion: pituatry dwarfism (infantilism)

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3
Q

hormones of the neurohypophysis of the pituitary gland

A

Speicherung des antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin) and oxytocin (beides vom ANTERIOR hypothalamus gebildet)

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4
Q

function of the ADH/vasopressin

A

volume of the extracellular fluids in the body; stimulation of water absorption at renal level antidiuretic effect: reducing the loss of water in urine; large dose -> vasoconstriction = high blood pressure; causes hyperglycemia; stimulates the intestinal peristalsis

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5
Q

function of oxytocin

A

contractions of the pregnant uterus + lactation

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6
Q

hormones of the thyroid gland

A

thyroxin (T4) + triiodothyronine (T3)

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7
Q

function of T4 and T3

A

calorigenic effect (increase of basal membrane), cellular growth, protein catabolism

  • hyposecretion: in children thyroid dwarfism, endemic goiter, myxedema
  • hypersecretion: Basedows disease (exophthalmia)
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8
Q

hormones of the parathyroid gland

A

parathormone and Calcitonin (regulation only made humorally)

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9
Q

function of the parathormone

A

increase of the calcemia (high Ca), reducing the phosphatemia (low P) and osseous demineralizing (osteoclasts)

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10
Q

function of the Calcitonin

A

reducing the calcemia (low Ca), increasing the phosphatemia (high P), normal mineralization of the bones

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11
Q

removal of the parathormone leads to

A

tetany (unvoluntary contraction of the muscles, sensitive, nervous, trophic and visceral disorders) due to the lack of calcium

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12
Q

hormones of the CORTICAL adrenal

A

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol) and sexual steroid hormones

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13
Q

hormones of the MEDULLAR adrenal

A

adrenalin and norarenalin

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14
Q

function of the aldosterol

A

mineral metabolism regulation: reabsorption of Na and K elimination at the distal tubules (high Na and low K; high blood pressure), acid-base-balance + osmotic pressure; hyposecretion: acidosis
- regulation of secretion: by ATCH and Renin

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15
Q

function of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

A

glucogenesis (synthesis of cabohydrates); protein + lipid metabolism, antiflammatory role, stimulus: ACTH
over hypothalamic-pituatry-cortical-adrenal system

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16
Q

Funktion of adrenalin

A

gylcogenoysis (decomposition of glucose), hyperglycemia (high Glucose concentration), mobilization of the fats, tachycardia, vasoconstriction
- stimulation of ARAS activity (cortical alert)

17
Q

hormones of the endocrine pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

18
Q

function of insulin

A

depositing glucose as glycogen (lowering the glucose levels in the cells); carbohydrates into lipids, protein synthesis; regulation made by vagal parasympathetic impulses depending on the glycaemia

  • hyposecretion: diabetes mellitus
    hyperglycemia (high levels of glucose in the blood)
    glycosuria (excretion of glucose in the urine)
    polyuria (excessive large production of urine)
    polydipsia (needs of large quantity of water)
    polyphagia (high consume of food with loss of weight)
  • hypersecretion: hypoglecima (low levels of glucose)
19
Q

function of melatonin

A

secretion from the epiphysis, regulates the day and nigh-rhythm, inhibitory action on sexual glands + hypoglycemic role (acts on hypothalamus-pituatry axis)
- by light stimulation -> reduction of melatonin

20
Q

function of the thymus

A

lymphoid organ, involutes after puberty; thyme hormones: antidondatropin effects (inhibitory action on sexual glands); T-Lymphozytes are differentiated and specialized

21
Q

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes

A

Cushing syndrome, generalized osteoporosis, reduction of the muscular mass and hyperglycemia

22
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin (ACTH) has which function

A

stimulates the growth of the portico-adrenal glands,

hypersecretion => hypertrophy of the cortico-adrenal and hypersecreting of its hormones (metabolic disorders)

23
Q

the luteinizing hormone (LH) causes

A

the ovulation and appearance of the yellow body and in men stimulates the secretion of the androgen hormones

24
Q

the luteotropic hormone (LTH) or prolactin stimulates

A

the secretion of the yellow body and lactate secretion + no effects on men

25
Q

myxedema

A

caused by thyroid hyposecretion in adults
resulting in reduction of the basal metabolism
with dry thickened skin and hair loss
affects the hydroelectrolytic balance
causes edema and the increase of the blood volume, followed by the increase of the blood pressure

26
Q

Basedows diseases

A

thyroid hyperfunction
mostly frequent in women
increase of the basal metabolism, exophthalmia (in half of the cases), circulary disorders, irritability, hyperplasia (increased costume of food), loss of weight, increased size of the gland

27
Q

acromegaly

A

is caused by hypersecretion of somatotropin in adults (after puberty)
manifests by the growth in thickness of the long bones and of the soft tissues

28
Q

gigantism

A

is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormones in children (somatotropin)
represents the excess growth of the entire body or only of certain segments

29
Q

thyroid dwarfism

A

infantile form of thyroid hypo secretion
known als cretinism
late physical development, facial traits, abnormal development of the bones, psychical retard, low temperature, lethargy

30
Q

Recklinghausen disease

A

is caused by the dysfunction of the parathyroid glans
troubles in the phosphor-calcic metabolism
causes osseux demineralizing with hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria

31
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

hypersecretion of corticosteroids, is caused by adrenocortical tumors or by the hypersecretion of ACTH
is described by the affection of the lipids, glucidic and protein metabolism

32
Q

Addisons disease

A

is caused by the inadequate secretion of both mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
causes hypoglycemia, imbalance of the sodium and potassium balances, dehydration, hypotension, rapid weigh loss and marked asthenia

admission exam (16 decks)

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