Metabolic syndrome week 5 Flashcards
What are the 5 diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome? How many must a pt meet to be diagnosed?
Must meet at least 3 criteria. Do not have to remember numbers.
What test can be used to dx prediabetes?
Elevated A1c.
How much more likely is one to be diagnosed with DM if they have metabolic syndrome?
What is the association btwn DM and CV risk factors? (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TGs)
Note the HDL and TG lines for diabetics and non diabetics do not overlap. There is a strong association btn DM and low HDL and high TGs.
What is the association btwn HTN and diagnosis of DM?
Ppl with HTN are more likely to be diagnosed with DM.
True or false: All individuals with metabolic syndrome are obese.
False. Metabolic syndrome can exist without obesity! Is dependent on bioenergetics.
T or F: Met syndrome more than doubles the risk for CV disease.
True.
What is the association btwn metabolic syndrome and cancer?
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cancer, especially colorectal cancer.
What neurological disorders are associated with metabolic syndrome?
Metabolic syndrome is a _____ ______ disorder of ______ _____ which may progress to chronic degenerative diseases and is diagnosed using standard metabolic criteria.
What is bioenergetic plasticity? What is the issue with bioenergetic plasticity in ppl with metabolic syndrome?
Humans can use variable fuel input to meet variable metabolic demand.
Bioenergetic plasticity is the capacity of cells and organisms to regulate the response to a variable fuel input and metabolic demand.
Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of metabolic plasticity.
In metabolic syndrome, fuels may be diverted from the mitochondria. Additionally, fuels may exit mitochondria and go back to the storage form. In both cases, no ATP is produced–>fatigue
Remember the 2nd law of thermodynamics: the entropy of the living systems tends to a maximum (entropy is measure of randomness). Work and time is required to regain order-metabolize fuels, synthesize enymes, etc. When fuels constantly come into the cell and contribute to entropy, eventually bioenergetic plasticity is lost.
bioenergetics
bioenergetics: the biology of energy transformations and energy exchanges within and between living things and their environments
.
What is lipodystrophy? How is it related to metabolic syndrome? What are the sx of this disease? What diseases are associated with it?
In lipodystrophy, there is insufficient adipose storage. Without fat storage, metabolic syndrome and diabetes develops. If there is not enough storage capacity, effects biogenergetics of cells and metabolic abnormalities result.
Phenotypes with
LMNA
mutations:
•metabolic syndrome and diabetes
• fatty liver-dietary fat is stored in liver but not in other parts of the body. note lady in attached pic is very muscular
• limb girdle muscular dystrophy-muscle weakness
• cardiac conduction defects or cardiomyopathy
• progeria syndromes
• dermopathy-psoriasis
• motor and sensory neuropathy
In CTs, note absence of fat
Explain the Warburg effect. This effect occurs in cells that are under what conditions?
Normal cells metabolize glucose through glycolysis, and under normoxic conditions, pyruvate ins then further oxidized in the mitochondria.
When O2 becomes limited, pyruvate is oxidized to lactate instead.
This latter process predominates in inflamed cells, even when oxygen is plentiful, a proces called the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis.
What is the relationship btwn sugar intake and DM?
Increased sugar intake=increased DM prevalence
Explain the differences btwn glucose and fructose metabolism and why fructose is harmful to the liver.
How is fructose consumption related to gout?
Glucose is distributed to multiple tissues in the body (primary fuel source of the body).
Conversely, fructose cannot be efficiently consumed by most body tissues. Most of it goes to the liver and some is metabolized by sperm.
Fructose metabolism consumes ATP which leads to phosphate depletion and adenosine degradation—>uric acid accumulation—> gout
Increased lipogenesis–> more VLDLs produced: hypertriglycerolemia
What other molecule does arachidonic acid serve as a precursor to? Where is it found?
T or F: Alcohol can cause metabolic syndrome even in the presence of weight loss.
True. Note that despite pt’s weight loss, parameters of metabolic syndrome increased (green is when pt stopped drinking).
Alchohol reduces bioenergetic plasticity-effects metabolism
What fuel sources are associated with metabolic syndrome?
