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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 13 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 13 Flashcards

1
Q

polymenorrhea

A

the occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal

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2
Q

postpartum

A

after childbirth

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3
Q

postpartum depression

A

a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and the loss of pleasure in normal activities that can occur shortly after giving birth

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4
Q

preeclampsia

A

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

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5
Q

pregnancy

A

the condition of having a developing child in the uterus

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6
Q

pregnancy test

A

performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy

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7
Q

premature ejaculation

A

a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before, or shortly after, penetration of the female

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8
Q

premature infant

A

a fetus born before the 37th week of gestation

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9
Q

premature menopause

A

a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal

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10
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

A

a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle

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11
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation

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12
Q

priapism

A

a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

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13
Q

primigravida

A

a woman during her first pregnancy

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14
Q

primipara

A

a women who has borne one viable child

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15
Q

prostate gland

A

lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra

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16
Q

pruritus vulvae

A

a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia

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17
Q

puerperium

A

the time from the delivery of the placenta through approximately the first 6 weeks after the delivery

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18
Q

pyosalpinx

A

an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube

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19
Q

quickening

A

the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother

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20
Q

radical hysterectomy

A

a procedure that includes the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes; most commonly performed to treat uterine cancer

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21
Q

salpingectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

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22
Q

salpingitis

A

an inflammation of a fallopian tube

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23
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy

A

the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

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24
Q

scrotum

A

the saclike structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

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25
Q

semen

A

the whitish fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated through the urethra at the peak of male sexual excitement

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26
Q

seminal vesicles

A

glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells

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27
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

location of sperm formation

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28
Q

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

A

infections that affect both males and females

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29
Q

sperm

A

the male gametes (reproductive cells)

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30
Q

sperm count

A

the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

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31
Q

spermatocele

A

a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm

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32
Q

spermatogenesis

A

the process of sperm formation

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33
Q

sterilization

A

any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproduction

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34
Q

stillbirth

A

the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, the delivery

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35
Q

syphilis

A

an STD caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum; has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STDs

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36
Q

testicles

A

the two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm

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37
Q

testicular cancer

A

the most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 34 years

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38
Q

testicular pain

A

pain in one or both testicles

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39
Q

testicular self-examination

A

a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting limps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum

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40
Q

testicular torsion

A

a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

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41
Q

testitis

A

inflammation of one or both testicles

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42
Q

total hysterectomy

A

the surgical removal of the uterus and the cervix

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43
Q

trichomoniasis

A

an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis; also known as trich

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44
Q

tubal ligation

A

a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum

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45
Q

umbilical cord

A

the tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to the developing child

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46
Q

urethra

A

in the male, the urethra passes through the penis to the outside of the body

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47
Q

urologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

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48
Q

uterine cancer

A

involves cancerous growth on the linint of the uterus

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49
Q

uterine fibroid

A

a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus

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50
Q

uterine involution

A

the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery

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51
Q

uterine prolapse

A

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

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52
Q

uterus

A

a pear-shaped organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining filled with a rich supply of blood vessels

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53
Q

vagina

A

the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body

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54
Q

vaginal candidiasis

A

a vaginal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans; also known as a yeast infection

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55
Q

vaginal orifice

A

the exterior opening of the vagina

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56
Q

vaginitis

A

an inflammation of the lining of the vagina

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57
Q

varicocelectomy

A

the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele

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58
Q

variocele

A

a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

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59
Q

vas deferens

A

the long, narrow continuations of each epididymis

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60
Q

vasectomy

A

the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed

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61
Q

vasovasostomy

A

vasectomy reversal

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62
Q

VBAC

A

Vaginal Birth After a Caesarean

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63
Q

vernix

A

a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth

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64
Q

viable

A

the fetus when it is capable of living outside the uterus

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65
Q

vulva

A

consists of the labia, clitoris, Bartholin’s glands, and vaginal orifice

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66
Q

vulvitis

A

an inflammation of the vulva

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67
Q

vulvodynia

A

a syndrome of unknown cause that is characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva

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68
Q

zygote

A

the single cell formed that results from the union of sperm and egg; a new life

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69
Q

Bone Scan

A

nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown; radionuclide tracer is injected into bloodstream

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70
Q

Perfusion

A

blood flow through a tissue or organ

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71
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A

also known as PET imaging, combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs

72
Q

OTC Drug

A

a medication that can be purchased without a prescription

73
Q

Paradoxical reaction

A

the result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results

74
Q

Placebo

A

an inactive substance, such as, a sugar pill, that is administered only for its suggestive effects

75
Q

Potentiation

A

a drug interaction that occurs when the effect of one drug is increased by another drug, herbal remedy, or other treatment

76
Q

Analgesic

A

refers to the class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness; aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen

77
Q

Topical Application

A

a liquid or ointment that is rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated; cortisone, antibiotic

78
Q

Subcutaneous

A

fatty layer just below the skin; (below dermis, above muscle)

79
Q

Assessment

A

the evaluation or appraisal of a condition

80
Q

Hypothermia

A

an abnormally low body temperature

81
Q

Pulse

A

the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by contraction of the heart

82
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

measures blood pressure

83
Q

Auscultation

A

listening for sounds within the body usually performed through a stethoscope

84
Q

Rale

A

an abnormal rattle or crackle-like respiratory sound heard during inspiration

85
Q

Otoscope

A

an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane

86
Q

Prone Position

A

lying on the belly with the face down

87
Q

Horizontal recumbent

A

(Supine) patient is lying on the back with the face up.

88
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

a test based on the speed at which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and settle to the bottom of the container

89
Q

Red blood cell count

A

a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood

90
Q

Crossmatch test

A

performed to determine the compatibility of donor and recipient blood before a transfusion

91
Q

C-reactive protein test

A

performed to identify high levels of inflammation within the body

92
Q

Specific gravity

A

reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids that are present in the urine

93
Q

Albuminuria

A

presence of the protein albumin in the urine and is the sign of impaired kidney function

94
Q

Calciuria

A

the presence of calcium in the urine

95
Q

Glycosuria

A

the presence of glucose in the urine, most commonly caused by diabetes

96
Q

Proteinuria

A

the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine; sign of kidney disease

97
Q

Pyuria

A

The presence of pus in the urine. When pus is presence, the urine has a turbid (cloudy or smokey) appearance

98
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid

99
Q

Radiograph

A

X-Ray; An image of hard tissue internal structures is created by exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation

100
Q

Postanterior projection

A

had the patient positioned facing the film and parallel to it; * the x-ray beam travels thru the body from posterior to anterior

101
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI; uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body

102
Q

Magnetic resonance angio

A

MRA; combines MRI with the use of a contrast medium to locate problems within blood vessels throughout the body

103
Q

Nuclear medicine

A

branch of medicine that deals with the use of radioactive substances in research, diagnosis, and treatment

104
Q

Radiopharmaceuticals

A

radioactive pharmaceuticals; administered for either diagnostic or treatment purposes

105
Q

Nuclear Imaging

A

production of diagnostic images of the structure and function of the organ or organs being examined in nuclear medicine

106
Q

ac

A

before meals

107
Q

ad lib

A

as desired

108
Q

amt

A

amount

109
Q

bid

A

twice a day

110
Q

c with a line over it

A

with

111
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

112
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

113
Q

p.o.

A

by mouth

114
Q

p.r.n.

A

as needed

115
Q

q.d.

A

everyday

116
Q

q.h.

A

every hour

117
Q

q.i.d.

A

four times a day

118
Q

Rx

A

prescription

119
Q

sig

A

to be labeled accordingly

120
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times a day

121
Q

Vital signs

A

four key indications that the body systems are functioning: temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. VSS - vital signs stable

122
Q

Temperature

A

An average normal body temperature is 98.6ºF or 37.0ºC

123
Q

Fever

A

A temperature higher than 100ºF is a fever

124
Q

Hyperthermia

A

extremely high fever

125
Q

Respiration

A

RR - respiratory rate; The number of complete breaths per minute, normal is 12-20 respirations per minute

126
Q

Blood pressure

A

force of the blood against the walls of the arteries, measured using a sphygmomanometer. Systolic is the first beat heard, diastolic is the last beat heard.

127
Q

Pain

A

considered in certain settings, such as a hospital, as the fifth vital sign. It is a subjective symptom so it is determined as reported by the patient

128
Q

Rhonchi

A

coarse rattling sounds somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions int he bronchial airways - singular rhonchus

129
Q

Stridor

A

abnormal, high-pitched musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or in the larynx (voice box)

130
Q

Bruit

A

abnormal sound or murmur heard during ausculatation of an artery, usually due to partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery

131
Q

Hart murmur

A

an abnormal heart sound that is most commonly a sign of defective heart valves, described by volume and the stage of the heartbeat when the murmur is heard

132
Q

Abdominal sounds

A

normal noises made by the intestines; increased bowel sounds can indicate an obstroction, and absence of them can indicate ileus (stopping of intestinal peristalsis)

133
Q

Palpation

A

the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

134
Q

Percussion

A

diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers

135
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

instrument used to examine the interior of the eye

136
Q

Speculum

A

instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior

137
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used to listen to sounds withing the body

138
Q

Recumbent

A

describes any position in which the patient is lying down. In radiography the term decubitus describes the patient in a recumbent position

139
Q

Dorsal recumbent

A

patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent

140
Q

Lithotomy position

A

patient is lying on the back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups

141
Q

Sims’ position

A

lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back

142
Q

Knee-chest position

A

lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table

143
Q

Profile

A

tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multi-channel laboratory testing equipment

144
Q

stat

A

from latin statim, meaning immediately

145
Q

Phlebotomist

A

medical professional trained to draw blood from patients or various tests and procedures

146
Q

Phlebotomy

A

puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood - venipuncture

147
Q

Arterial stick

A

puncture of an artery, usually on the inside of the wrist, to obtain arterial blood which differes from venous blood in the concentration of dissolved gases it contains

148
Q

Capillary puncture

A

technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test

149
Q

Complete blood cell counts

A

CBC - series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions. Include: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit, platelet count, red blood cell count, total hemoglobin test, white blood cell count, white blood cel differenctial count

150
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

ESR - test based on the speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of the specialized test tube. Elevated sed rate indicates inflammation in the body (normal <20-40 mm/hr for adults over 50)

151
Q

Hematocrit

A

percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red cells

152
Q

Platelet count

A

measures number of platelets in a specified amount of blood and is a screening test to evaluate platelet function and to monitor changes associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy

153
Q

Red blood cell count

A

RBC - number of erythrocytes in the bood. A depressed count can indicate anemia or a hemorrhage lasting more than 24 hours

154
Q

Total hemoglobin test

A

Hb - elevated Hb levels indicate possible polycythemia or dehidration. Low Hb indicates anemia, recent hemorrhage, or fluid retention

155
Q

White blood cell count

A

WBC - determination of leukocytes, an elevated count can indicate infection or inflammation

156
Q

White blood cell differential count

A

tests what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes to glean information about the patient’s immune system, detect leukemia or severity of infection

157
Q

Basic metabolic panel

A

MBP or profile 8 - tests provide information about patient’s kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, and calcium levels.

158
Q

Blood urea nitrogen test

A

BUN test - measures amount of nitrogen in the blood due to the waste product urea, the major end product of protein metabolism found in urine and blood

159
Q

C-reactive protein test

A

CRP - to detect C-reactive protein, which is produced by the liver only during episodes of acute inflammation

160
Q

Lipid panel

A

Measures the amounts of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides in blood

161
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Measures clotting time, a longer prothrombin time can be caused by serious liver disease, bleeding disorders, blood thinning medicines, or a lack of vitamin K

162
Q

Serum bilirubin test

A

measures the ability of the liver to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile

163
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone assay

A

measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that can indicate abnormal thyroid activity

164
Q

Arterial blood gas analysis

A

ABG - measures the pH, oxygen, and CO2 levels of arterial blood

165
Q

Urinalysis

A

examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

166
Q

Casts

A

fibrous or protein materials such as pus and fats thrown off in the urine in kidney disease

167
Q

pH

A

Average normal urine pH levels range from 4.5 to 8.0; below 7 indicate acidosis, above 7 indicate conditions such as UTI

168
Q

Bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in urine

169
Q

Creatinuria

A

increased concentration of creatinine, a waste product of muscle metabolism normally removed by the kidneys

170
Q

Hematuria

A

presence of blood in the urine, caused by kidney stones, infection, kidney damage, or bladder cancer

171
Q

Ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in urine, which are formed when the body breaks down fat; can indicate starvation or uncontrolled diabetes

172
Q

Pyuria

A

presence of pus in the urine

173
Q

Urine culture and sensitivity test

A

used to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection and to determine the most effective antibiotic

174
Q

Laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with a laparoscope through a small incision in the abdominal wall; lapar/o - flank or abdomen

175
Q

Centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove excess fluid or to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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