Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 2 Flashcards
chronic
of long duration. (pg14)
disease
a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. (pg14)
chronic fatigue syndrome
a persistent overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin. (pg14)
CFS
an abbreviation for … “chronic fatigue syndrome”. (pg14)
ileum
the last and longest portion of the small intestine. Memory aid: “il-e-um” is spelled with an “E” as in “int-e-stine”. (pg14)
ilium
part of the hip bone. Memory aid: “il-i-um” is spelled with an “I” as in “hip”.(pg14)
exudate
fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound. (pg14)
erythema
redness. (pg15)
hyperthermia
heat. (pg15)
mucous
the specialized membranes that line the body cavities. (pg15)
mucus
fluid secreted by mucous membranes. (pg15)
myc/o
a combining form meaning … fungus. (pg15)
myel/o
a combining form meaning … bone marrow or spinal cord. (pg15)
my/o
a combining form meaning … muscle. (pg15)
-ologist
a suffix meaning … specialist. (pg15)
dermat
a word root meaning … skin. (pg15)
neo-
a prefix meaning … new. (pg15)
pyel/o
a combining form meaning … renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney. (pg16)
pyelitis
an inflammation of the renal pelvis. (pg16)
py/o
a combining form meaning … pus. (pg16)
pyoderma
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo. (pg16)
pyr/o
a combining form meaning … fever or fire. (pg16)
heartburn
also known as “pyrosis”. (pg16)
virile
having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male. (pg16)
MS
an abbreviation not to be used … can mean either “morphine sulfate” or “magnesium sulfate”. (pg17)
QD or QOD
an abbreviation not to be used … means “daily” or “every other day”, sometimes mistaken for each other. (pg17)
U
an abbreviation not to be used … means “units”, sometimes mistaken for “0” or “4”. (pg17)
megal/o
a combining form meaning … large, great. (pg8)
micr/o
a combining form meaning … small. (pg8)
oste/o, ost/o
a combining form meaning … bone. (pg542)
-ar, -ic, -ac
pertaining to
-crine
to secrete
-eal
pertaining to
-ic
pertaining to
-ior
pertaining to
-ose
pertaining to
-pathy
disease
-plasia
formation
-plasm
formative material of cells
-stasis
control
-tics
pertaining to
-trophy
development
a-
without
abdomin(o)-
abdomen
abdominal cavity or abdomen
contains primarily the major organs of digestion
abdominopelvic cavity
refers to two cavities as a single unit
aden(o)-
glands
adenectomy
surgical removal of a gland
adenocarcinoma
malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
adenoma
benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue
adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a gland
adenosis
any disease condition of a gland
adip-
fat
adipose tissue
fat - provides protective padding, insulation, and support
adult stem cells
somatic stem cells - undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
airborne transmission
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze (cold, flu, TB, measles)
ana-
excessive
anal atresia
congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of the anus
anaplasia
change in the structure of the cells and in their orientation to each other (tumors, cancer)
anatomic position
describes the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position that includes: standing up straight so that body is erect and facing forward; holding arms at sides with hands turned with palms turned toward front
anatomic reference systems
used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body
anatomy
study of the structures of the body
anomaly
deviation from what is regarded as normal
anter(o)-
front or before
anterior
situated in the front; front or forward part of an organ (opposite to posterior)
aplasia
defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
atresia
congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
autopsy
postmorten examination
benign
not life-threatening
bilateral
relating to, or having, two sides
birth injuries
congenital disorder that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth
bloodborne transmission
spread of disease through contact with blood or other body fluid that are contaminated with blood (HIV, hepatitis B, STDs)
body cavities
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
body planes
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used the divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
carcin-
cancerous
caud(o)-
tail or lower part of the body
caudal
toward the lower part of the body (opposite to cephalic)
cell membrane
tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment
cells
basic structural and functional units of the body
cephal(o)-
head
cephalic
toward the head (opposite to caudal)
cerebral palsy
result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or not enough oxygen to the brain during birth
chondr(i)-
cartilage
chromosomes
genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
communicable
capable of being transmitted
communicable disease
condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects - contagious disease
congenital
existing at birth
congenital disorder
abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
connective tissue
supports and connects organs and other body tissue
contamination
the pathogen is possibly present
cord blood
found in umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant
cranial cavity
located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
cyt(o)-
cell or hollow place
cytology
study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell
cytoplasm
material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
degeneration
worsening condition
dem(o)-
population
dense connective tissue
form the joints and framework of the body - bone or cartilage
developmental disorder
anomaly or malformation such as absence of the limb or the presence of an extra toe - birth defect
diaphragm
muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
differentiated
having a specialized function of structure
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure (opposite to proximal)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
dominant gene
inherited from either parent - the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic
dors-
back of the organ or body (opposite of ventral)
dorsal
refers to the back of the organ or body
dorsal cavity
located along the back of the body and head - divided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity
double helix
consists of two helixes twisted together
Down syndrome (DS)
genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
embryonic stem cells
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, can form any cell
en-
within
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within the population, group, or area
endo-
within
endocrine glands
produce homones - do not have ducts
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
epi-
above
epidemic
sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epidemiologist
specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
epigastric region
above the stomach
epithelial tissue
form a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of body
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissue that forms epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membranes
eti-
cause
etiology
study of causes of diseases
exo-
out of
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body - sweat glands
fetal alcohol syndrome
caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and behavioral traits, including growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, socialization difficulties
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
food-borne and water-borne transmission
eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present - (fecal-oral transmission)
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into arterior (front) and posterior (back) portions - coronal plane
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified - (ex. panic attack)
gametic cell mutation
change within the genes in a gamete (sex cells) that can be transmitted by a parent
gene
fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
gene-
producing
genetic mutation
change of sequence of a DNA molecule
genetic disorder
pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene - hereditary disorder
genetic engineering
manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
genetic mutation
change of sequence of a DNA molecule
geneticist
specialist in field of genetics
genetics
study of how genes are transferred from parent to their children and the role of genes in health and disease
genome
complete set of genetic information of an individual
geriatrician
physician who specializes in the care of older people - gerontologist
geriatrics
study of the medical problems and care of the aged - gerontology
glands
group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
graft versus host disease
rejection if not excellent match in stem cells
groin
crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper and of the thigh
helix
shape twisted like a spiral staircase
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood-clotting factor is missing
hemopoietic
related to the production of blood cells
hist-
tissue
histologist
specialist in the study of the organizaton of tissue at all levels
histology
study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
home(o)-
constant
homeostasis
process though which the body maintains a constant internal environment
horizontal plane
a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon
Huntington’s disease (HD)
genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife
hyperplasia
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in number of cells in the tissue
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ is due to an increase in the size, but not in number of cells in the tissue
hypochondriac
below ribs
hypochondriac regions
located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs
hypogastric region
located below stomach
hypoplasia
incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment (severe burns from radiation therapy)
idi(o)-
peculiar to the individual
idiopathic
without known cause
idiopathic disorder
illness without known cause
ili-
hip bone
iliac regions
located on the left and right sides over the hip bones
indirect contact transmission
situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
infectious disease
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the feet (opposite to superior)
inguinal
relating to the groin - refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
lateral
direction toward or nearer the side and away from midline (opposite to medial)
liquid connective tissue
blood and lymph, transport nutirents and waste products throughout the body
LLQ
left lower quadrant (abdomen)
loose connective tissue
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
lumb-
lower back
lumbar
part of the back between ribs and pelvis
lumbar region
on the left and right sides near inward curve of spine
LUQ
left upper quadrant (abdomen)
malignant
harmful
medial
direction toward, or nearer, the midline (opposite to lateral)
membrane
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
