Anatomy and Physiology Part 2 Flashcards
leukocytes
white blood cell
mitral valve
flap or cusp between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart
myocardium
muscle layer of the heart
pericardium
membrane sac that covers the outside of the heart
plasma
liquid portion of the blood
pulmonary valve
flap or cusp between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery
right atrium
the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
right ventricle
the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
septum
membranous wall that divides to cavities
systole
period of work, or contraction, of the heart
thrombocytes
also called a platelet; blood cell required for clotting of the blood
tricuspid valve
flap or cusp between the right atrium and right ventricle in the heart
veins
blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
cisterna chyli
an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system
lymph
a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle
lymph nodes
many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions
lymphatic capillaries
microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body
lymphatic vessels
large vessels with valves, which collect and carry lymph to lymph nodes
right lymphatic duct
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm; empties into the right subclavian vein
spleen
a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm
thoracic duct
the major duct of the lymphatic system
thymus
a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity
tonsils
mass of lymphatic tissue found in the pharynx and mouth
autonomic nervous system
that division of the nervous system concerned with reflex, or involuntary, activities of the body
brain
soft mass of nerve tissue inside the cranium
central nervous system
the division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
cerebellum
the section of the brain that is dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata; maintains balance and equilibrium
cerebrospinal fluid
watery, clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum
largest section of brain; involved in sensory interpretation and voluntary muscle activity
diencephalon
the section of the brain between the cerebrum and midbrain; contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
hypothalamus
that structure in the diencephalon of brain that regulates and controls many body functions
medulla oblongata
the lower part of the brain stem; controls vital processes such as respiration and heartbeat
meninges
membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord
midbrain
that portion of the brain that connects the pons and cerebellum; relay center for impulses
nerves
group of nerve tissues that conducts impulses
neuron
nerve cell
parasympathetic
a division of the autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
pons
that portion of the brain stem that connects the medulla oblongata and cerebellum to the upper portions of the brain
spinal cord
a column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata of the brain to the second lumbar vertebra in vertebral column
sympathetic
that divisions of the autonomic nervous system that allows the body to respond to emergencies and stress; also, to understand and attempt to solve the problems of another
thalamus
that structure in the diencephalon of the brain that acts as a relay center to direct sensory impulse to the cerebrum
ventricles
one of two lower chambers of the heart; also, a cavity in the brain
aqueous humor
watery liquid that circulates in the anterior chamber of the eye
auditory canal
either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
auricle
also called the pinna, external part of the ear
choroid coat
a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera
cochlea
snail-shaped section of the inner ear; contains the organ of Corti, for hearing
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior part of the sclera of the eye
cornea
the transparent section of the sclera; allows light rays to enter to eye
eustachian tube
tube that connects the middle ear and the pharynx, or throat
iris
colored portion of the eye; composed of muscular, or contractile, tissue that regulates the size of the pupil
lacrimal glands
it produce tears; it constantly moisten and cleanse the eye
lens
crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil of the eye; refracts or bends light rays onto the retina; also, the magnifying glass in a microscope
organ of Corti
structure in the cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing
ossicles
small bones, especially the three bones of the middle ear that amplify and transmit sound waves