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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 10 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Lethargy

A

Lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy.

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2
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord.

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3
Q

Meningocele

A

Congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.

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4
Q

Migraine Headache

A

Characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head.

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5
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation resulting in scattered patches of demyelinated nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord.

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7
Q

Myelography

A

Radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.

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8
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse

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9
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions.

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10
Q

Panic Attack

A

Unexpected sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, choking sensations, or a combination of these.

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11
Q

Paresthesia

A

Burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body.

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12
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.

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13
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord.

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14
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

May develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else, during which the person felt intense fear, helpless ness, or horror.

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15
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion.

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16
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve through the thigh, leg, and foot.

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17
Q

Seizure

A

Sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time.

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18
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Results of a child being violently shaken by someone. Can cause brain injury, blinds, fractures, seizures, paralysis, and death.

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19
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve. These sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain affect the cheek, lips, and gums only on the side of the face innervated by the affected nerve.

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20
Q

Nervous System

A

Consists of the nerves, brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs. Controls all bodily activities.

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21
Q

Sensory Organs

A

Consists of the eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue.

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22
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Receive and process information, and to regulate all bodily activity. Include the brain and spinal cord.

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Transmit nerve signals to and from the central nervous system.

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24
Q

Neurons

A

Basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other.

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25
Q

Nerve

A

One or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the body.

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26
Q

Ascending Nerve Tracts

A

Carry nerve impulses towards the brain.

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27
Q

Descending Nerve Tracts

A

Carry nerve impulses away from the brain.

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28
Q

Ganglion

A

Nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous.

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29
Q

Innervation

A

Supply of nerves to a specific body part.

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30
Q

Receptors

A

Sites in the sensory organs that receive external stimulation.

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31
Q

Reflex

A

Automatic involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body.

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32
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

Neurons emerge from the sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from the sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord. Also known as sensory neurons.

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33
Q

Connecting Neurons

A

Neurons link afferent and efferent neurons. Also known as Associative neurons.

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34
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord and toward the muscles and glands. Also known as motor neurons.

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35
Q

Synapse

A

Space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ.

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36
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Released at some synapses in the spinal cord and at neuromuscular junctions; it influences muscle action.

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37
Q

Dopamine

A

Released within the brain. Believed to be involved in mood and though disorders and in abnormal movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.

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38
Q

Endorphins

A

Naturally occurring substances that are produced by the brain to help relieve pain.

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39
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Affects alertness and arousal, increasing blood pressure and heart rate, and releasing stores of glucose in response to stress.

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40
Q

Glial Cells

A

Provide support and protection for neurons, and their four main functions are to surround neurons and hold them in place, supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy and remove dead neurons.

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41
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Protective covering made up of glial cells.

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42
Q

White Matter

A

Portion of the nerve fibers that are myelinated.

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43
Q

Gray Matter

A

Portion of the nerve fibers that are unmyelinated.

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44
Q

Meninges

A

System of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord.

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45
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Clear, colorless, and watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord. Cool and cushion these organs from shock or injury. Nourish the brain and spinal cord by transporting nutrients and chemical messengers to these tissues.

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46
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest and uppermost portion of the brain. Responsible for all thought, judgement, memory, and emotion, as well as for controlling and integrating motor and sensory functions.

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47
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior.

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48
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles.

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49
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Controls eyesight.

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50
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Controls the senses of hearing and smell, and the ability to create, store, and access new information.

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51
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Long fragile tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spinal column. Contains all the nerves that affect the limbs and lower part of the body, and serves as the pathway for impulses traveling to and from the brain. Surrounded an protected by cerebrospinal fluid and the meninges.

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52
Q

Anesthesiologist

A

Specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery.

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53
Q

Neurologist

A

Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system.

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54
Q

Neurosurgeon

A

Specializes in surgery of the nervous system

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55
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Specializes in the diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness.

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56
Q

Psychologist

A

Specialist evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness.

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57
Q

Tetanus

A

An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria. Also known as lockjaw.

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58
Q

Amnesia

A

Memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences.

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59
Q

Concussion

A

Violent shaking up or jarring of the brain.

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60
Q

Cerebral Contusion

A

Bruising of the brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull.

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61
Q

Cranial Hematoma

A

Collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain.

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62
Q

Levels Of Consciousness

A

Measurement of response to arousal and stimulus.

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63
Q

Stupor

A

Unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts.

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64
Q

Syncope

A

Brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain.

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65
Q

Brain Tumor

A

Abnormal growth located inside the skull.

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66
Q

Intracranial Pressure

A

Amount of pressure inside the skull.

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67
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

Condition is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the bran is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured.

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68
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

Sometimes referred to as a mini-stroke, temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain.

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69
Q

Aphasia

A

Caused by brain damage associated with a stroke, loss of the ability to speak, write and/or comprehend the written or spoken word.

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70
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.

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71
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Deep sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling during the day.

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72
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Highly contagious viral infections of the brainstem

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73
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid

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74
Q

General Anesthetic

A

Involves the total loss of body sensation and consciousness induced by anesthetic agents administered primarily by inhalation or intravenous injection.

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75
Q

Local Anesthetic

A

Causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by injection an anesthetic solution near that area.

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76
Q

Regional Anesthesia

A

Temporary interruption of nerve conduction, is produced by injecting an anesthetic solution near the nerves to be blocked.

77
Q

Neurorrhaphy

A

Surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve.

78
Q

Psychotic Disorder

A

Characterized by the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning.

79
Q

Catatonic Behavior

A

Marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor, and a tendency to remain in a fixed posture.

80
Q

Hallucination

A

Sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation.

81
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, and accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disturbances.

82
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

83
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

84
Q

ADHD

A

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

85
Q

CP

A

Cerebral Palsy

86
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

87
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography

88
Q

ICP

A

Intracranial Pressure

89
Q

LOC

A

Levels of Consciousness or Loss of Consciousness

90
Q

LP

A

Lumbar Puncture

91
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

92
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

93
Q

PTSD

A

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

94
Q

Sz

A

Seizure

95
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack.

96
Q

Blephar/o

A

Eyelid

97
Q

-cusis

A

Hearing

98
Q

Irid/o

A

Iris, Color part of eye

99
Q

Kerat/o

A

Horny, Hard, Cornea

100
Q

Myring/o

A

Tympanic Membrane, Eardrum

101
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye, Vision

102
Q

-opia

A

Vision condition

103
Q

Opt/o

A

Eye, Vision

104
Q

Ot/o

A

Ear, Hearing

105
Q

Phak/o

A

Lens of Eye

106
Q

Presby/o

A

Old Age

107
Q

Retin/o

A

Retina, Net

108
Q

Scler/o

A

Sclera, White of eye, Hard

109
Q

Trop/o

A

Turn, Change

110
Q

Tympan/o

A

Tympanic Membrane, Eardrum

111
Q

Adnexa

A

Stucture outside of the eyeball - includes Orbit, Eye Muscles, Eyelids, Eyelashes, etc.

112
Q

Amblyopia

A

A dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

113
Q

Ametropia

A

Any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

114
Q

Anisocoria

A

A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

115
Q

Astigmatism

A

A condition in which the eye does not focus properly beause of uneven curvatures in the cornea

116
Q

Barotrauma

A

Pressure-related ear discomfort that can be caused by pressure changes when in very high or very low altitudes

117
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

Dropping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis

118
Q

Cataract

A

The loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity

119
Q

Chalazion

A

A localized swelling inside of the eyelid reulting from obstruction of a sebaceous gland.

120
Q

Cochlear Implant

A

An implanted electonic device that can give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the enviroment and/or hearing and help them to understand speech.

121
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Pinkeye - An inflammation of the conjuctiva that is usually cause by an infection or allergy

122
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

An inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infection

123
Q

Diplopia

A

The perception of two images of a single object

124
Q

Ectropion

A

The eversion of the edge of an eyelid

125
Q

Emmetropia

A

The normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

126
Q

Entropion

A

The inversion of the edge of an eyelid

127
Q

Esotropia

A

Strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes

128
Q

Eustachitis

A

Inflammation of the eustachian tube

129
Q

Exotropia

A

Strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

130
Q

Fluorescin Angiography

A

A radiograpic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium

131
Q

Glaucoma

A

A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve

132
Q

Hemianopia

A

Blindness in one-half of the visual field

133
Q

Hordeolum

A

A pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in the sebaceous gland.

134
Q

Hyperopia

A

A defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina

135
Q

Infectious Myringitis

A

Contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the ear drum

136
Q

Iridectomy

A

The surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris

137
Q

Iritis

A

An inflammation of the uveal tract affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye

138
Q

Keratitis

A

An inflammation of the cornea

139
Q

Labyrinthectomy

A

The surgicial removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth

140
Q

Laser Trabeculoplasty

A

Uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye

141
Q

Mastoidectomy

A

The surgical removal of mastoid cells

142
Q

Myopia

A

A defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina

143
Q

Myringotomy

A

The surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes

144
Q

Nyctalopia

A

A condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

145
Q

Nystagmus

A

An involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use

146
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

The visual examination of the fundus (back part) of the eye with an ophthalmoscope

147
Q

Optometrist

A

Holds a Doctor of Optometry degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

148
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of the middle of the ear

149
Q

Otomycosis

A

A fungal infection of the external auditory canal

150
Q

Otopyorrhea

A

The flow of pus from the ear

151
Q

Otorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the ear

152
Q

Otosclerosis

A

The ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss

153
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through optic disk

154
Q

Periorbital Edema

A

Swelling surrounding the eye or eyes

155
Q

Presbycusis

A

Gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs with age

156
Q

Presbyopia

A

The condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging

157
Q

Pterygium

A

A benign growth on the cornea that can become large enough to distort vision

158
Q

Radial Keratotomy

A

A Surgical procedure to treat myopia

159
Q

Retinopexy

A

Used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment

160
Q

Scleritis

A

An inflammation of the sclera

161
Q

Stapedectomy

A

The surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts sound vibration to the inner ear.

162
Q

Strabismus

A

A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eyes muscles are unable to focus together

163
Q

Tarsorrhaphy

A

The partial, or complete, suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids

164
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears.

165
Q

Tonometry

A

The measurement of intraocular pressure

166
Q

Tympanometry

A

Use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

167
Q

Tympanostomy tubes

A

Tiny ventilating tubes places through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after childhood ear infections

168
Q

Vertigo

A

Sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, that is often combined with nausea and vomiting

169
Q

Vitrectomy

A

The removal of the vitreous fluid and its replacement with a clear solution

170
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Drying of eye surfaces including the conjunctiva

171
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

172
Q

derm/o

A

skin

173
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

174
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy,rough

175
Q

kerat/o

A

horny, hard

176
Q

lip/o

A

fat, lipid

177
Q

melan/o

A

black, dark

178
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

179
Q

onych/o

A

fingernail or toenail

180
Q

pil/i

A

hair

181
Q

pil/o

A

hair

182
Q

py/o

A

pus

183
Q

rhythid/o

A

wrinkle

184
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

185
Q

urtic/o

A

rash, hives

186
Q

xer/o

A

dry

187
Q

actinic keratosis

A

is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.

188
Q

albinism

A

deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes.

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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