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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 5 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness (pg. 109)

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2
Q

neurologist

A

physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is loss of function (pg. 109)

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3
Q

physiatrist

A

specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation to restore function

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4
Q

rheumatologist

A

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis, and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues

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5
Q

sports medicine physician

A

specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles (pg. 109)

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6
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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7
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome

A

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, joint, diffuse or specific muscle, bone, or joint pain, plus other symptoms (pg. 109)

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8
Q

tenodynia 102

A

pain in a tendon

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9
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint, also tenonitis and tenontitis (pg. 110)

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10
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

CFS: debilitating disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems - characterized by profound fatigue made worse by physical or mental activity (pg. 110)

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11
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally as the result of injury or surgery (pg. 110)

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12
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures, caused by pathology or disuse of muscle over a long period of time (pg. 110)

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13
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in the muscles - myodynia (pg. 110)

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14
Q

myocele

A

the herniation or protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it (pg. 110)

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15
Q

hernia

A

the protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it (pg. 110)

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16
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue (pg. 110) Degeneration means deterioration or breaking down, Deterioration means the process of becoming worse

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17
Q

myomalacia

A

abnormal softening of muscle tissue

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18
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture or tearing of a muscle (pg. 110)

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19
Q

polymyositis

A

PM: muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body (pg. 110)

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20
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength and function that comes with aging (pg. 110)

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21
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible (pg. 110)

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22
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength (pg. 110)

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23
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone - causes impairment of voluntary muscle movements (pg. 110)

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24
Q

hypertonia

A

excessive tone of skeletal muscles

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25
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished tone of skeletal muscles (pg. 110)

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26
Q

myotonia

A

neuromuscular disorder characterized by slow relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction

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27
Q

ataxia

A

the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement - shaky and unsteady movement caused by abnormal activity in the cerebellum (pg. 110)

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28
Q

dystaxia

A

mild form of ataxia - also called partial ataxia

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29
Q

contracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when connective tissues are replaced by nonelastic fibrous tissues - caused by scarring or lack of use (pg. 110)

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30
Q

intermittent claudication (IC)

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise - relieved by rest - associated with peripheral vascular disease (pg. 111)

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31
Q

spasm

A

sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles, also known as charley horse (pg. 111)

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32
Q

cramp

A

localized muscle spasm named for its cause, such as a heat cramp or writer’s cramp (pg. 111)

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33
Q

spasmodic torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side - wryneck (tortus, twisted - collum, neck) (pg. 111)

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34
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement - symptom of Parkinson’s disease (pg. 111)

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35
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm (pg. 111)

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36
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function or activity - hyperactivity (pg. 110)

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37
Q

hypokinesia

A

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

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38
Q

myoclonus (my-oh-KLOH-nus)

A

sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles (pg. 111)

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39
Q

nocturnal myoclonus

A

jerking of limbs that can occur normally when one is falling asleep (pg. 111)

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40
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the hiccup sound with each spasm (pg. 111)

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41
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles (pg. 111)

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42
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of >30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system - no specific treatment to stop or reverse disease (pg. 111)

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43
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A

most common form of MD - primarily affects boys age 3-5 - progresses rapidly (pg. 111)

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44
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)

A

very similar to Duchenne, but less severe (pg. 111)

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45
Q

repetitive stress disorders

A

variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities, or recreation/sports - involve muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints (pg. 111)

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46
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles (pg. 111)

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47
Q

overuse injuries

A

minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal - can include stress fractures (pg. 111)

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48
Q

overuse tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons by excessive or unusual use of a joint (pg. 112)

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49
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body - produces local and referred muscle pain (pg. 112)

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50
Q

impingement syndrome

A

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught between the bones within the shoulder joint - hurts when you raise your arms above your head (pg. 112)

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51
Q

rotator cuff tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff (pg. 112)

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52
Q

ruptured rotator cuff

A

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or the overuse continues (pg. 112)

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53
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are overused, inflamed and swollen (pg. 112)

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54
Q

carpal tunnel release

A

surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of carpal ligament to relieve pressure on tendons and nerves (pg. 112)

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55
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless, fluid-filled swelling on outer surface of wrist - caused by repeated minor injuries - painless, no treatment required (pg. 113)

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56
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow (condyle refers to the round prominence at the end of the bone) (pg. 113)

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57
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near attachment to calcaneus (heel) bone (pg. 113)

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58
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot - causes foot or heel pain when walking or running (pg. 113)

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59
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint involving stretched (wrenched) or torn LIGAMENTS (pg. 113)

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60
Q

strain

A

injury to the body of a MUSCLE or attachment of a TENDON - associated with overuse injuries (pg. 113)

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61
Q

shin splint

A

muscle tearing away from the tibia (shinbone) - can develop in anterolateral (front and side) or posteromedial (back and middle) muscles of the lower leg (pg. 113)

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62
Q

hamstring injury

A

a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee (pg. 114)

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63
Q

achilles tendinitis

A

painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress on tendon (pg. 114)

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64
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

ITBS: band runs from the hip bone, diagonally across the leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by this band rubbing against bone, often by the knee (pg. 114)

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65
Q

spinal cord injury (SCI)

A

paralysis, determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury - occurs when a vertebra is broken and piece presses into spinal cord, or if vertebra is pushed/pulled out of alignment (pg. 114)

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66
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply (pg. 114)

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67
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis (pg. 115)

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68
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis affecting only one side of the body (pg. 115)

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69
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body - associated with stroke or brain damage (pg. 115)

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70
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body (pg. 115)

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71
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities (pg. 115)

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72
Q

cardioplegia

A

paralysis of heart muscle caused by direct blow or trauma, or induced by drugs - cardiac arrest (pg. 115)

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73
Q

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

A

tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon - reflex: involuntary response to a stimulus (pg. 115)

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74
Q

range of motion testing (ROM)

A

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength (pg. 115)

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75
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

diagnostic test that measures electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation (pg. 116)

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76
Q

electroneuromyography 111

A

nerve conduction studies - diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by electro- stimulation

77
Q

muscle biopsy

A

removal of a plug of tissue for examination (pg. 116)

78
Q

antispasmodic

A

suppresses smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder (pg. 116)

79
Q

skeletal muscle relaxant

A

relaxes certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries - act on the central nervous system (pg. 116)

80
Q

neuromuscular blocker

A

drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles neuromuscular blocking agent (pg. 116)

81
Q

ergonomics

A

study of human factors that affect design and operations of tools and work environment (pg. 116)

82
Q

myofascial release

A

specialized soft tissue manipulation technique to ease pain of fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome (pg. 116)

83
Q

occupational therapy

A

OT: activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in normalizing their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL: bathing, grooming, eating, etc) (pg. 116)

84
Q

physical therapy

A

PT: treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, and other methods to improve circulation, flexibility, and muscle strength

85
Q

therapeutic ultrasound

A

utilizes high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue and increasing blood flow (pg. 117)

86
Q

RICE

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation - most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries (pg. 117)

87
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure (pg. 117)

88
Q

fascioplasty

A

surgical repair of fascia (pg. 117)

89
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to the bone (pg. 117)

90
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions (pg. 117)

91
Q

tenectomy

A

surgical resection of a portion of a tendon or tendon sheath

92
Q

tenoplasty

A

surgical repair of a tendon

93
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon (pg. 117)

94
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle

95
Q

myectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of a muscle

96
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical repair of a muscle

97
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle wound (pg. 117)

98
Q

myotomy

A

surgical incision into a muscle (pg. 117)

99
Q

-lysis

A

destruction or breaking down

100
Q

frontalis

A

muscle in forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows, also occipitofrontalis (pg. 109)

101
Q

temporalis

A

muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth (pg. 109)

102
Q

masseter

A

muscle moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing, one of the strongest in the body (pg. 109)

103
Q

external oblique muscles

A

flex and rotate the vertebral column; flex the torso and compress the abdomen (pg. 109)

104
Q

internal oblique muscles

A

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine (pg. 109)

105
Q

rectus abdominis

A

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine (pg. 109)

106
Q

transverse abdominis

A

located on the side of the abdomen, engaged when coughing or laughing (pg. 109)

107
Q

trapezius muscle

A

moves the head and shoulder blade (pg. 109)

108
Q

rectus femoris

A

extends the leg at the knee (pg. 109)

109
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

made up of four muscles, including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee (pg. 109)

110
Q

gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downwoard (pg. 109)

111
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon (pg. 109)

112
Q

synov

A

synovial membrane (pg. 109)

113
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

114
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension

115
Q

anemia

A

a lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood

116
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot, or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery

117
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

the surgical removal of an aneurysm

118
Q

aneurysmorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of an aneurysm

119
Q

angiitis

A

the inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

120
Q

angina

A

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

121
Q

angiography

A

a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

122
Q

angiostenosis

A

the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

123
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

a medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat

124
Q

anticoagulant

A

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

125
Q

antihypertensive

A

a medication administered to lower blood pressure

126
Q

aorta

A

the largest blood vessel in the body; the main trunk of the arterial system and begins from the left ventricle of the heart

127
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

128
Q

aplastic anemia

A

characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

129
Q

arrhythmia

A

describes an abnormality, or the loss of the normal rhythm, of the heart

130
Q

arteriectomy

A

the surgical removal of part of an artery

131
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body

132
Q

angioplasty

A

a procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

133
Q

arterioles

A

the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that carry blood to the capillaries

134
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls

135
Q

artificial pacemaker

A

used primarily as treatment for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation

136
Q

aspirin

A

recommended to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke by slightly reducing the ability of the blood to clot

137
Q

atherectomy

A

the surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

138
Q

atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

139
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

140
Q

atria

A

the two upper chambers of the heart

141
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall

142
Q

atrioventicular node

A

located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum

143
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required

144
Q

bacterial endocarditis

A

an inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

145
Q

basophils

A

the least common type of WBC

146
Q

beta-blocker

A

reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat

147
Q

blood

A

the fluid tissue in the body

148
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

149
Q

blood gases

A

gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood

150
Q

blood pressure

A

the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries

151
Q

blood types

A

classified according to the presence, or absence, of certain antigens; four major blood types are A, AB, B, and O

152
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate

153
Q

bundle of His (HISS)

A

a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum

154
Q

calcium channel blocker agents

A

cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures

155
Q

capillaries

A

the smallest blood vessels in the body

156
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops a very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

157
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

158
Q

cardiologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart

159
Q

cardiomegaly

A

the abnormal enlargement of the heart

160
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

161
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression

162
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

163
Q

cardiovascular system

A

consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

164
Q

carditis

A

an inflammation of the heart

165
Q

carotid arteries

A

the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

166
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

167
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

168
Q

cholesterol-lowering drugs

A

used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood

169
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

170
Q

congenital heart defects

A

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

171
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

172
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart (AKA bypass surgery)

173
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

174
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

175
Q

Coumadin

A

an anticoagulant administered to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger

176
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

the condition of having a thrombus attached to the wall of a deep vein

177
Q

defibrillation

A

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

178
Q

diastolic pressure

A

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

179
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the area of interest by removing the soft tissue and bones from the images

180
Q

digitalis

A

strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues

181
Q

diuretic

A

administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

182
Q

duplex ultrasound

A

a diagnostic procedure to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels

183
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

184
Q

electrodardiography

A

the noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium

185
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

186
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood

187
Q

endocarditis

A

an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

188
Q

endocardium

A

the inner lining of the heart

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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