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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 3 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

mesentery

A

fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

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2
Q

midsagittal plane

A

sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves - midline

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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

cells with specialized ability to contract and relax

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4
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

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5
Q

nerve tissue

A

cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

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6
Q

nosocomial infection

A

disease acquired in a hospital or clinical settings

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7
Q

nucleus

A

a structure within the cell that has two important functions - controls activities of cell, and helps cell divide

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8
Q

organ

A

somewhat independent part of the body that performs a special function

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9
Q

organic disorder

A

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body (chickenpox)

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10
Q

pan-

A

entire

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11
Q

pandemic

A

outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

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12
Q

parietal

A

cavity wall

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13
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

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14
Q

path(o)-

A

disease

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15
Q

pathogen

A

disease-producing microorganism such as virus

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16
Q

pathologist

A

specializes in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis

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17
Q

pathology

A

study of nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function

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18
Q

pelv-

A

pelvis

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19
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space formed by the hip bones - contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

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20
Q

periton

A

peritoneum (multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity)

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21
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

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22
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

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23
Q

phenylketonuria

A

genetic disorder in which essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing - PKU

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24
Q

physi-

A

nature or physical

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25
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of the structures of the body

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26
Q

poster(o)-

A

situated in the back or back part of an organ (opposite of anter-)

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27
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back; on the back part of an organ

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28
Q

postmortem

A

after death

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29
Q

premature birth

A

birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development - (often breathing difficulties and heart problems)

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30
Q

prenatal influences

A

the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery

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31
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure (opposite to distal)

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32
Q

quadrant

A

divided into four

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33
Q

recessive gene

A

when inherited from BOTH parents, offspring WILL have condition - when inherited from ONLY ONE parent, offspring WILL NOT have condition

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34
Q

regions of the thorax and abdomen

A

descriptive system that divides abdomen and lower portion of thorax into nine parts

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35
Q

retro-

A

behind

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36
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

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37
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant (abdomen)

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38
Q

rubella infection

A

if woman had it during early pregnancy can result in birth defect

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39
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant (abdomen)

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40
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

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41
Q

secretion

A

the substance produced by a gland

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42
Q

sex cell

A

(sperm or egg) known as gamete, the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes

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43
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

recessively inherited blood disorder, characterized by an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells

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44
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to body

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45
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell in the body except gametes (sex cells)

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46
Q

somatic cell mutation

A

change within cells of the body, cannot be transmitted

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47
Q

spinal cavity

A

located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord

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48
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

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49
Q

superior

A

uppermost, above, or toward the head (opposite to inferior)

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50
Q

Tay-Sachs disease (TAY SAKS)

A

fatal generic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain - (recessive)

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51
Q

thoracic cavity

A

known as chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs - chest cavity or thorax

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52
Q

tissue

A

group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

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53
Q

transmission

A

spread of disease

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54
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

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55
Q

umbilical region

A

surrounds the umbilicus

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56
Q

umbilicus

A

commonly known as the belly button or navel

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57
Q

undifferentiated

A

not having a specialized function or structure

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58
Q

vector

A

insects or animals like flies, mites, ticks, fleas, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting disease

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59
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, dogs)

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60
Q

ventr-

A

belly side of the body

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61
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body (opposite of dorsal)

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62
Q

ventral cavity

A

located along the front of the body, contains the body organs and maintain homeostasis

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63
Q

vertical plane

A

an up-and-down plane that is a right angle to the horizon

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64
Q

visceral

A

relating to the internal organs

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65
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

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66
Q

ankyl(o)-

A

crooked, bent or stiff

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67
Q

arthr(o)-

A

joint

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68
Q

chondr(o)-

A

cartilage

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69
Q

cost(o)-

A

ribs

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70
Q

crani(o)-

A

skull

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71
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation of bone or joint

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72
Q

kyph(o)-

A

hump

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73
Q

lord(o)-

A

bent backward

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74
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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75
Q

myel(o)-

A

bone marrow

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76
Q

oss(e)- / oss(i)- / ost(o)- / oste(o)-

77
Q

scoli(o)-

78
Q

spondyl(o)-

79
Q

synovi(o)- / synov(o)-

A

synovial membrane

80
Q

-um

A

noun ending

81
Q

skeletal system (8 parts)

A

consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid and bursa

82
Q

periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

83
Q

compact bone

A

dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms protective outer layer of bones

84
Q

spongy bone

A

lighter and not as strong as compact bone, found in ends and inner portions of long bones - red bone marrow found within

85
Q

medullary cavity

A

central cavity located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone

86
Q

endosteum

A

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

87
Q

red bone marrow

A

located in spongy bone - hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

88
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to formation of blood cells

89
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

functions as a fat storage area - located in the medullary cavity

90
Q

cartilage

A

smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

91
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints - makes smooth movement possible and protects bones from rubbing against each other

92
Q

meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (knee and temporomandibular joint)

93
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

94
Q

epiphysis

A

wider ends of long bones such as femurs of the legs, covered with articular cartilage for protection

95
Q

foramen

A

opening in a bone trough which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

96
Q

process

A

normal projection on surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

97
Q

joints

A

place of union between two or more bones - articulations

98
Q

name the 3 types of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

99
Q

fibrous joint

A

consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue - hold bones together

100
Q

fontanelles

A

flexible soft spots that facilitate passage of infant through birth canal and allow for growth of skull during first year - soft spots

101
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage (ribs to sternum)

102
Q

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint located between the pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis to facilitate childbirth

103
Q

synovial joint

A

created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions - ball and socket joints and hinge joints

104
Q

name the components of a synovial joint (5)

A

synovial capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, and bursa

105
Q

synovial capsule

A

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds joint

106
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines synovial capsule - secretes synovial fluid

107
Q

synovial fluid

A

acts as a lubricant to make smooth movement of joint possible

108
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another, or joining a bone to cartilage

109
Q

bursa

A

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone

110
Q

axial skeleton

A

protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

111
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones that are organized into the upper extremities (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands) and the lower extremities (hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet)

112
Q

skull

A

consists of the eight bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and six bones in the middle ear

113
Q

major parts of the skull

A

cranium (8 bones), face (14 bones), middle ear (6 bones)

114
Q

cranium

A

portion of skull that encloses brain

115
Q

bones of the cranium

A

frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid

116
Q

frontal bone

A

forms the forehead

117
Q

parietal bones

A

form most of the roof and upper sides of cranium

118
Q

occipital bone

A

forms posterior floor and walls of cranium

119
Q

temporal bones

A

for sides and base of cranium

120
Q

sphenoid bone

A

forms part of base of skull and parts of floor and sides of orbit

121
Q

ethmoid bone

A

forms part of posterior portion of nose, orbit, and floor of cranium

122
Q

auditory ossicles

A

six (6) tiny bones of middle ear

123
Q

external auditory meatus

A

located in temporal bone - opening of external auditory canal of outer ear

124
Q

facial bones (14)

A

nasal (2), zygomatic (2), maxillary (2), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), inferior conchae (2), vomer, mandible

125
Q

nasal bones

A

two bones that form upper part of the bridge of nose

126
Q

zygomatic bones

A

articulate with the frontal bone (forehead) - cheekbones

127
Q

maxillary bones

A

form most of upper jaw

128
Q

palatine bones

A

form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

129
Q

lacrimal bones

A

make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of eye

130
Q

inferior conchae

A

thin, scroll-like bones that form part of interior of nose

131
Q

vomer bone

A

forms base for nasal septum

132
Q

mandible

A

only movable bone of the skull - attached to the skull at TMJ - jawbone

133
Q

temporo-mandibular joint

A

attaches the jawbone to the skull - TMJ

134
Q

thoracic cavity

A

bony structure that protects the heart and lungs - consists of ribs, sternum, and upper portion of spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm - not including arms

135
Q

ribs

A

attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae - 12 pairs - costals

136
Q

cost/o

137
Q

sternum

A

forms the middle of front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts - breastbone

138
Q

manubrium

A

bony structure that forms the upper portion of sternum

139
Q

body of the sternum

A

bony structure that forms the middle portion of sternum

140
Q

xiphoid process

A

structure made of cartilage that forms lower portion of sternum

141
Q

pectoral girdle

A

formed by the shoulders, which support the arms and hands

142
Q

clavicle

A

slender bone that connects manubrium of the sternum to scapula - collar bone

143
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

144
Q

acromion

A

extension of scapula that forms high point of shoulder

145
Q

humerus

A

bone of upper arm

146
Q

radius

A

smaller and shorter bone in forearm - runs up the thumb side of the forearm

147
Q

ulna

A

larger and longer bone of forearm

148
Q

olecranon process

A

large projection on upper end of the ulna - funny bone

149
Q

carpals

A

8 bones that form the wrist

150
Q

metacarpals

A

5 bones that form the palm of the hand

151
Q

phalanges

A

14 bones of the fingers - the bones of the toes

152
Q

spinal column

A

supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord

153
Q

vertebrae

A

bony structure units of the spinal column

154
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

first set of 7 vertebrae that form the neck - C1 through C7

155
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

second set of 12 vertebrae - form outward curve of spine - T1 through T12

156
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

third set of five vertebrae - form inward curve of lower spine - L1 through L5

157
Q

sacrum

A

slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of spine - forms the lower portion of back

158
Q

coccyx

A

forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together (tailbone)

159
Q

intervertebral disks

A

made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other

160
Q

pelvic girdle

A

protects internal organs and supports the lower extremeties; a cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk that consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

161
Q

ilium

A

the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

162
Q

sacroiliac

A

the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

163
Q

ischium

A

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone and bears the weight of the body when sitting

164
Q

pubis

A

forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, located just below the urinary bladder

165
Q

pubic symphysis

A

the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

166
Q

acetabulum

A

large circular cavity in each side of pelvis that articulates with the head of femur to form the hip joint - hip socket

167
Q

femur

A

the upper leg bone (largest bone in the body)

168
Q

knees

A

complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg

169
Q

patella

A

bony anterior portion of the knee (kneecap)

170
Q

popliteal

A

referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

171
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

make possible the movements of the knee

172
Q

tibia

A

larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg (shinbone)

173
Q

fibula

A

smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

174
Q

malleolus

A

the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle

175
Q

ankles

A

form the joint between the lower leg and the foot

176
Q

tarsal

A

seven short bones which form the ankle

177
Q

talus

A

the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

178
Q

calcaneus

A

the largest of the tarsal bones (heel bone)

179
Q

metatarsals

A

form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

180
Q

chiropractor

A

holds a Doctor of Chiropractic degree and specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine

181
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

182
Q

osteopath

A

holds a Doctor of Osteopathy degree and uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation

183
Q

podiatrist

A

holds a Doctor of Podiatry or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

184
Q

pod-

185
Q

ankylosis

A

the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

186
Q

arthrosclerosis

A

stiffness of the joints, especially in elderly

187
Q

bursitis

A

an inflammation of a bursa

188
Q

burs-

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