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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 6 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

eosinophils

A

destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions

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2
Q

epicardium

A

the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

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3
Q

erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow (red blood cells - RBC)

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4
Q

fibrinogen

A

clotting protein found in the plasma

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5
Q

heart

A

a hollow, muscular organ located between the lungs

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6
Q

heart failure

A

a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it receives

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7
Q

heart murmur

A

an abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart or neighboring large blood vessels

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8
Q

hemangioma

A

a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

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9
Q

hematologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues

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10
Q

hemochromatosis

A

a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

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11
Q

hemoglobin

A

the iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes

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12
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

characterized by inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

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13
Q

hemorrhage

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

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14
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

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15
Q

Holter monitor

A

a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-hour period

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16
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood

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17
Q

hypertension

A

the elevation of arterial blood pressure to a level that is likely to cause damage to the cardiovascular system

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18
Q

hypoperfusion

A

a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part

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19
Q

hypotension

A

lower than normal arterial blood pressure

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20
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

a double action pacemaker

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21
Q

iron-deficiency anemia

A

the most common form of anemia

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22
Q

ischemia

A

a condition in which there is an insufficient oxygen supply due to a restricted blood flow to a part of the body

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23
Q

ischemic heart disease

A

a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

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24
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins

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25
Q

left ventricle

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium

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26
Q

leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

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27
Q

leukocytes

A

the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances (white blood cells - WBC)

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28
Q

leukopenia

A

describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal

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29
Q

lymphocytes

A

identify foreign substances and germs in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them

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30
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal

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31
Q

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

A

procedure performed with the aid of a fiber optic camera through small openings between the ribs

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32
Q

mitral valve

A

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

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33
Q

monocytes

A

provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

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34
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

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35
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup (heart attack)

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36
Q

myocarditis

A

an inflammation of the myocardium

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37
Q

myocardium

A

the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers and consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue

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38
Q

neutrophils

A

the most common type of WBC

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39
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels to the heart

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40
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

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41
Q

palpitation

A

a pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm

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42
Q

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

A

an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium

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43
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

a procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen (AKA angioplasty)

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44
Q

pericarditis

A

an inflammation of the pericardium that causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

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45
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

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46
Q

peripheral arterial occlusive disease

A

an example of a peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis

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47
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

refers to disorders of the blood vessels located outside the heart and brain

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48
Q

pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B-12 from the gastrointestinal tract

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49
Q

phlebitis

A

the inflammation of a vein

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50
Q

phlebography

A

a radiographic test that provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected

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51
Q

plaque

A

a fatty deposit that is similar to the buildup of rust inside a pipe

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52
Q

plasma

A

a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

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53
Q

plasmapheresis

A

the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood’s cellular elements

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54
Q

polyarteritis

A

a form of angiitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time

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55
Q

polycythemia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow

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56
Q

prothrombin

A

clotting protein found in the plasma

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57
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

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58
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

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59
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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60
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

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61
Q

pulse

A

the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

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62
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles

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63
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

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64
Q

restenosis

A

describes the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again

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65
Q

Rh factor

A

refers to the presence, or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells

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66
Q

right atrium

A

receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior and inferior venae cavae

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67
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs

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68
Q

septicemia

A

a systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood

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69
Q

serum

A

plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

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70
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

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71
Q

sinoatrial node

A

located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava

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72
Q

stent

A

a wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened

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73
Q

stress test

A

performed to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress

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74
Q

sudden cardiac death

A

results if treatment is not provided within a few minutes

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75
Q

systemic circulation

A

includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

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76
Q

systolic pressure

A

occurs when the ventricles contract; the highest pressure against the walls of an artery

77
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heart rate

78
Q

thalassemia

A

an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and few red blood cells than normal

79
Q

thallium stress test

A

performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise

80
Q

thrombocytes

A

the smallest formed elements of the blood (platelets)

81
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

82
Q

thrombocytosis

A

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood

83
Q

thrombolytic

A

dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

84
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

85
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

86
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

87
Q

tissue plasminogen activator

A

a thrombolytic that is administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke

88
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

89
Q

tricuspid valve

A

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

90
Q

valvoplasty

A

the surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve

91
Q

valvular prolapse

A

the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

92
Q

valvular stenosis

A

a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

93
Q

valvulitis

A

an inflammation of a heart valve

94
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

95
Q

vascular surgeon

A

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

96
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

causes blood vessels to narrow

97
Q

vasodilator

A

causes blood vessels to expand

98
Q

veins

A

form a low pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

99
Q

venae cavae

A

the two largest veins in the body; return blood into the heart

100
Q

ventricles

A

the two lower chambers of the heart

101
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

102
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

103
Q

venules

A

the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins

104
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood vessel

105
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

106
Q

Arteri/o

A

Artery

107
Q

Ather/o

A

Plague

108
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

109
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

110
Q

-crasia

A

Mixture or blending

111
Q

-emia

A

Blood or blood condition

112
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

113
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

114
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

115
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

116
Q

Tachy

A

Fast, rapid

117
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

118
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

119
Q

anti

A

against

120
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

121
Q

immun/o

A

protected

122
Q

lymph/o

A

Lymph; the fluid that removes cellular waste products, pathogens, and dead blood cells from the tissues.

123
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lyphaden

124
Q

lymphangi/o

A

Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts; Returns lymph from the tissue to the circulatory system.

125
Q

megaly

A

abnormal enlargement

126
Q

rrhagia

A

bleeding

127
Q

plasm

A

formation

128
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

129
Q

splen/o

A

Spleen; Filters foreign materials from the blood. Maintains the appropriate balance between cells and plasma in the blood. Destryos worn-out blood cells, releases hemoglobin, acts as a blood reservoir, and stores platelets.

130
Q

tic

A

pertaining to

131
Q

tox/o

A

poison

132
Q

tonsill/o, adenoid/o

A

Tonsils and Adenoids; Protect the entry into the respiratory system.

133
Q

myel/o

A

Bone Marrow; Produces blood cells. (also refers to the spinal cord.)

134
Q

lymphocyt/o

A

Lymphocytes; The specialized white blood cells that play an important role in immune reactions.

135
Q

thym/o

A

Thymus; Secretes the endocrine thymosin that aids in the maturation of T lymphocytes for use by the immune system.

136
Q

immuno/o

A

Immune System; Defends the body against harmful substances, such as pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, toxins and malignant cells.

137
Q

onc

A

tumor

138
Q

cervic

A

neck

139
Q

axill

A

ary

140
Q

inguin

A

groin

141
Q

hem/o

A

blood

142
Q

lytic

A

to destroy

143
Q

lymphaden

A

lymph node

144
Q

pathy

A

disease

145
Q

oma

A

tumor

146
Q

edema

A

swelling

147
Q

cytes

A

cells

148
Q

macro

A

large

149
Q

phage

A

a cell that eats

150
Q

phag/o

A

to eat or swallow

151
Q

therapy

A

treatment

152
Q

bio

A

life

153
Q

cide

A

causing death

154
Q

static

A

causing control

155
Q

neo

A

new or strange

156
Q

my

A

muscle

157
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

158
Q

genesis

A

reproduction

159
Q

meta

A

beyond

160
Q

stasis

A

stopping

161
Q

aden/o

A

gland

162
Q

oste/o

A

bone

163
Q

mammo/o

A

breast

164
Q

graphy

A

the process of producing a picture or record

165
Q

bi

A

pertaining to life

166
Q

opsy

A

view of

167
Q

mast

A

breast

168
Q

ectomy

A

surgical removal

169
Q

plast

A

growth or formation

170
Q

brachy

A

short

171
Q

tele

A

distant

172
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection

173
Q

Allergen

A

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

174
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

175
Q

Antibiotic

A

medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

176
Q

Antibody

A

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

177
Q

Antifungal

A

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

178
Q

Antigen

A

any substanc that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues.

179
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

a reaction that labels a potentially dangerous antigen so that it can be recognized, and destroyed, by other cells of the immune system.

180
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues.

181
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

182
Q

bacteria

A

one-celled microscopic organisms,some of which are pathogenic

183
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

184
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

185
Q

complement

A

a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria

186
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

a member of the herpes virus family that cause a variety of diseases

187
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

a medication that kills or damages cells

188
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the mild duct

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