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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 11 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 11 Flashcards

1
Q

alopecia

A

is the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp.

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2
Q

blepharoplasty

A

Also known as a lid lift. The surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin.

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3
Q

bulla

A

a large blister more than 0.5 in diameter.

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4
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark.

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5
Q

carbuncle

A

a cluster of connected furuncles (boils).

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6
Q

cellulitis

A

an acute rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues, that is characterized by swelling and warmth.

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7
Q

chloasma

A

a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face.

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8
Q

cicatrix

A

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.

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9
Q

comedo

A

a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle

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10
Q

debridement

A

removal or dirt or foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection.

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11
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin.

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12
Q

diaphoresis

A

is profuse sweating.

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13
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer.

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14
Q

ecchymosis

A

a bruise, a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.

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15
Q

eczema

A

form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness

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16
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

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17
Q

erythroderma

A

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.

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18
Q

exanthem

A

a widespread rash, usually in children

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19
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin.

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20
Q

folliculitis

A

an inflammation of the hair follicles.

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21
Q

furuncles

A

also known as boils, large tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infection around the hair follicle or sebaceous glands

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22
Q

granuloma

A

a general term used to describe a small, knot like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis.

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23
Q

hematoma

A

a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues.

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24
Q

hirsutism

A

the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern.

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25
Q

ichthyosis

A

a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin.

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26
Q

impetigo

A

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in children.

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27
Q

keloid

A

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.

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28
Q

keratosis

A

any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin.

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29
Q

koilonychia

A

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon.

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30
Q

lipedema

A

chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs.

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31
Q

lipoma

A

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

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32
Q

macule

A

a discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter. freckles or flat moles.

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33
Q

malignant melanoma

A

a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes. the most serious type of skin cancer.

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34
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

a severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria.

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35
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown toenail, the edges of the toenail curve inward and cut into the skin.

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36
Q

onychomycosis

A

a fungal infection of the nail.

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37
Q

papilloma

A

a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.

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38
Q

papule

A

a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus. small pimples and insect bites.

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39
Q

paronychia

A

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail.

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40
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation with lice.

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41
Q

petechiae

A

very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter.

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42
Q

pruritus

A

itching associated with most forms of dermatitis.

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43
Q

psoriasis

A

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back or buttocks.

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44
Q

purpura

A

the apperance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

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45
Q

purulent

A

means producing or containing pus

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46
Q

rhytidectomy

A

also known as a face lift. the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles.

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47
Q

rosacea

A

also known as adult acne. tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.

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48
Q

scabies

A

a skin infestation of itch mites.

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49
Q

scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder in which connective tissues become thickened and hardened

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50
Q

seborrhea

A

is overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

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51
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

orginates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium.

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52
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints.

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53
Q

tinea

A

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails. also known as ringworm.

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54
Q

urticaria

A

also known as hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction.

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55
Q

verrucae

A

small, hard skin lesions caused by hpv. (warts)

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56
Q

vitiligo

A

a skin condition resulting from destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes.

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57
Q

wheal

A

a small bump that itches. (welts)

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58
Q

xeroderma

A

also known as xerosis, excessively dry skin

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59
Q

skin

A

forms the protective outer covering to the external organs

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60
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebumm (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin. Closely associated with hair follicles, located in the dermis layer.

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61
Q

sweat glands

A

help regulate the body temperature and water content by secreting sweat

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62
Q

hair

A

controls the lost of body heat

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63
Q

nails

A

protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

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64
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues.

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65
Q

epithelial tissues

A

form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body.

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66
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

forms the upper layer of the epidermis

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67
Q

basal layer

A

the lowest layer of the epidermis

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68
Q

keratin

A

a fibrous, water-repellent protein

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69
Q

melanocytes

A

special cells that are found in the basal cell layer.

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70
Q

melanin

A

the pigment that determines the color of the skin.

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71
Q

dermis

A

the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis.

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72
Q

sensory nerve ending

A

sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

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73
Q

collagen

A

tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin, and also bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

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74
Q

mast cells

A

found in the connective tissue of the dermis respond to injury, infection, or allergy

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75
Q

heparin

A

an anticoagulant that is released in response to an injury

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76
Q

histamine

A

released in response to allergens

77
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to surface muscles.

78
Q

adipose tissue

A

layer made up of loose connective tissue.

79
Q

lipocytes

A

predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat

80
Q

sebum

A

is an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles

81
Q

mammary glands

A

milk producing modified sebaceous glands

82
Q

hidrosis

A

the production and excretion of perspiration

83
Q

arrector pili

A

are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause hair to stand erect

84
Q

hair follicles

A

are sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

85
Q

unguis

A

commonly known as the fingernail or toenail

86
Q

lunula

A

the pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root

87
Q

cuticle

A

a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root

88
Q

nail root

A

fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin.

89
Q

dermatologist

A

specializes in treatment of the skin

90
Q

plastic surgeon

A

specializes in physical restoration and reconstruction of body structures

91
Q

acne vulgaris

A

commonly known as acne. a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by sebum around the hair shaft

92
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

a closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found under the skin.

93
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

an inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp

94
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

a benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted on look.

95
Q

anhidrosis

A

the abnormal conditon of lacking sweat in response to heat.

96
Q

heat rash

A

an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells.

97
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body.

98
Q

sleep hyperhidrosis

A

the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep.

99
Q

trichomycosis axillaris

A

is superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the armpits.

100
Q

alopecia areata

A

causes well defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body. usually occurs in childhood

101
Q

alopecia totalis

A

uncommon caused by total loss of hair on the scalp.

102
Q

alopecia universalis

A

total loss of hair on all parts of the body.

103
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal curving of the nails accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

104
Q

onychia

A

an inflammation of the matrix of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail.

105
Q

onychophagia

A

nail biting or nail eating

106
Q

contusion

A

an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and shows discoloration and pain.

107
Q

nodule

A

a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger that 0.5 cm in diameter.

108
Q

plaque

A

a scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules. lesions from psoriasis.

109
Q

scales

A

are flakes or dry patches made up of excess ded epidermal cells.

110
Q

abscess

A

a closed pocket containing pus that is caused by bacterial infection

111
Q

exudate

A

a fluid such as pus that leaks from a wound.

112
Q

cyst

A

an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or semisolid material

113
Q

pustule

A

a small cicumscribed lesion containing pus, also known as a pimple.

114
Q

vesicle

A

a small blister, containing watery fluid

115
Q

abrasion

A

an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away.

116
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack-like break in the skin. also describe folds in the brain.

117
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound

118
Q

pressure sore

A

also known as a bedsore, an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin.

119
Q

puncture wound

A

a deep hole made by a sharp object.

120
Q

ulcer

A

an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges.

121
Q

pigmented birthmarks

A

also known as moles

122
Q

vascular birthmarks

A

caused by blood vessels close to the skin surface.

123
Q

port-wine stain

A

a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish purple discoloration on the face or neck.

124
Q

dermatosis

A

general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation.

125
Q

rhinophyma

A

also known as a bulbous nose, usually occurs in older men. overgrowth of tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea.

126
Q

gangrene

A

tissue death. caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues.

127
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute inflammatory pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo.

128
Q

mycosis

A

abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus.

129
Q

callus

A

thickening part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing.

130
Q

granulation tissue

A

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.

131
Q

nevus

A

a small, dark, skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin.

132
Q

polyp

A

a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.

133
Q

skin tags

A

are small, flesh colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks.

134
Q

skin cancer

A

a harmful, malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun.

135
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. lesions that occur mainly on the face or neck and tend to bleed easily.

136
Q

burn

A

an injury to the body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation.

137
Q

biopsy

A

the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.

138
Q

exfoliative cytology

A

a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a mircoscope.

139
Q

sunscreen

A

blocks out the harmful ultra-violet B rays.

140
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue by burning

141
Q

chemabrasion

A

also known as a chemical peel, the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses.

142
Q

cryosurgery

A

the destruction or elmination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen.

143
Q

curettage

A

the removal of material from the surface by scraping.

144
Q

dermabrasion

A

a from of abrasion involving the use of revolving wire brush or sandpaper.

145
Q

electrodesiccation

A

a surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark

146
Q

incision

A

a cut made with a surgical instrument.

147
Q

Moh’s sugery

A

a technique used to treat various types of skin cancer.

148
Q

lipectomy

A

the surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance.

149
Q

liposuction

A

the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction.

150
Q

sclerotherapy

A

the treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline solution into the vein.

151
Q

acr/o

A

“extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point.”

152
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands.

153
Q

crin/o

A

secrete.

154
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst.

155
Q

glyc/o

A

“glucose, sugar.”

156
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad, sex glands.

157
Q

-ism

A

condition, state of.

158
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas.

159
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands.

160
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland.

161
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland.

162
Q

poly-

A

many.

163
Q

somat/o

A

body.

164
Q

thym/o

A

“thymus gland, soul.”

165
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland.

166
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremeties caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

167
Q

Addison’s disease

A

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone

168
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal glands

169
Q

aldosteronism

A

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone

170
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted

171
Q

calcitonin

A

works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues

172
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone

173
Q

cortisol

A

“regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body”

174
Q

cretinism

A

a congenital form of hypothyroidism

175
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

176
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

insufficient production or utilization of the antidiuretic hormone

177
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

178
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

“occurs when diabetes damages blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment”

179
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood

180
Q

epinephrine

A

stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, it makes the heart beat faster and the liver release glucose; a vasoconstrictor to treat heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks. Also known as adrenaline

181
Q

estrogen

A

develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle

182
Q

exophthalmos

A

an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

183
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova; stimulates the production of sperm

184
Q

fructosamine test

A

measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks

185
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes that develops during pregnancy and that usually resolves after pregnancy

186
Q

gigantism

A

excessive largeness of stature

187
Q

glucagon

A

“secreted by the pancreas, increases blood sugar by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver”

188
Q

glucose

A

“Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis”

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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