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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Anatomy and Physiology Part 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal

A

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

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2
Q

anatomy

A

the study of body structure

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3
Q

cell

A

the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

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4
Q

circulatory

A

System is the transport and delivery system of the body

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5
Q

digestive

A

breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body

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6
Q

endocrine

A

the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect

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7
Q

excretory

A

removes waste from the body

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8
Q

integumentary

A

provides a protective barrier for the body, contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, temperature

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9
Q

lymphatic

A

returns fluid to cardiovascular system, detects, filters, and eliminates disease causing organisms.

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10
Q

muscular

A

moves bones and maintains posture

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11
Q

nervous

A

controls cell function with electrical signals

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12
Q

organ

A

a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

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13
Q

physiology

A

the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms

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14
Q

reproductive

A

producing new life or offspring

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15
Q

respiratory

A

adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood.

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16
Q

skeletal

A

protects major organs, provides levers and support for body movement

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17
Q

system

A

a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts

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18
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

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19
Q

tissue

A

a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

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20
Q

urinary

A

of or relating to the function or production or secretion of urine

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21
Q

cell membrane

A

Outer, protective, semipermeable covering of a cell

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22
Q

centrosome

A

That area of cell cytoplasm that contains two centrioles; important in reproduction of the cell

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23
Q

chromatin

A

complex of macromolecules in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA, RNA, and proteins; condenses into chromosomes during replication

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24
Q

connective tissue

A

body tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs

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25
Q

cytoplasm

A

the fluid inside a cell; contains water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and salts

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26
Q

dehydration

A

insufficient amounts of fluid in the tissues

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27
Q

edema

A

swelling; excess amount of fluid in the tissues

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28
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

fine network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm of a cell; allows for the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and aids in the synthesis and storage of protein

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29
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that forms the skin and parts of the secreting glands, and that lines the body cavities

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30
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

that structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell

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31
Q

lysosomes

A

those structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign matter.

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32
Q

meiosis

A

the process of cell division that occurs in gametes, or sex cells

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33
Q

mitochondria

A

those structures in a cell that provide energy and are involved in the metabolism of the cell

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34
Q

mitosis

A

process of asexual reproduction by which cells divide into two identical cells

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35
Q

muscle tissue

A

body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement

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36
Q

nerve tissue

A

body tissue that conducts or transmits impulses throughout the body

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37
Q

nucleolus

A

the spherical body in the nucleus of a cell that is important in reproduction of the cell

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38
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that controls cell activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

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39
Q

organelles

A

structures in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus

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40
Q

pathophysiology

A

Study of biological and physical manifestation of disease

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41
Q

pinocytic vesicles

A

pocket like folds found in the cell membrane, allow large molecules such as proteins and fat to enter the cell

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42
Q

protoplasm

A

thick, viscous substance that is the physical basis of all living things

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43
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen

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44
Q

abdominal regions

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, and right lower quadrant

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45
Q

anterior

A

before or in front of

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46
Q

body cavities

A

Spaces within the body that contain vital organs.

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47
Q

body planes

A

reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts

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48
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to any tail or tail-like structure

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49
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

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50
Q

cranial cavity

A

Contains the brain

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51
Q

distal

A

most distant or farthest from the trunk; center or middle

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52
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back; in back of

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53
Q

dorsal cavity

A

cavity along the posterior side of the body made of the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

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54
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

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55
Q

inferior

A

below; under

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56
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

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57
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or midline

58
Q

midsagittal plane

A

an imaginary lien drawn down the midline of the body to divide the body into a right side and a left side

59
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera

60
Q

posterior

A

toward the back; behind

61
Q

proximal

A

closest to the point of attachment or area of reference

62
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains the spinal cord

63
Q

superior

A

above, on top of, or higher than

64
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart

65
Q

transverse plane

A

imaginary line drawn through the body to separate the body into a top half and a bottom half

66
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front, or anterior, part of the body; in front of

67
Q

ventral cavity

A

contains the structures within the chest and abdomen

68
Q

constrict

A

to contract or narrow; to make smaller

69
Q

crusts

A

a scab; outer covering or coat

70
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color of the skin, nail beds, and/or lips due to an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood

71
Q

dermis

A

the skin

72
Q

dilate

A

enlarge or expand; to make bigger

73
Q

epidermis

A

the outer layer of the skin

74
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin

75
Q

integumentary

A

pertaining to the skin or a covering

76
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes, frequently caused by liver or gallbladder disease

77
Q

macules

A

a discolored but neither raised nor depressed spot or area on the skin

78
Q

papules

A

solid, elevated spot or area on the skin

79
Q

pustules

A

small, elevated, pus- or lymph-filled area of the skin

80
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil-secreting gland of the skin

81
Q

subcutaneous fascia

A

layer of tissue that is under the skin and connects the skin to muscles and underlying tissues

82
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat-secreting gland of the skin

83
Q

vesicles

A

blister; a sac full of water or tissue fluid

84
Q

wheals

A

itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; insect bites and hives

85
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the bones that form the limbs or extremities of the body

86
Q

axial skeleton

A

the bones of the skill, rib cage, and spinal column; the bones that form the trunk of the body

87
Q

carpals

A

bone of the wrist

88
Q

clavicles

A

collarbone

89
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft, or middle section, of a long bone

90
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the medullary canal of a bone

91
Q

femur

A

thigh bone of the leg; the longest and strongest bone in the body

92
Q

fibula

A

outer and smaller bone of the lower leg

93
Q

fontanels

A

a soft, membrane-covered space between the bones at the front and the back of a newborn’s skull

94
Q

foramina

A

a passage or opening; a hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

95
Q

humerus

A

long bone of the upper arm

96
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

97
Q

medullary canal

A

inner, or central, portion of a long bone

98
Q

metacarpals

A

bone of the hand between the wrist and each finger

99
Q

metatarsals

A

bone of the foot between the instep and each toe

100
Q

os coxae

A

the hipbone; formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

101
Q

patella

A

the kneecap

102
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous membrane that covers the bones except at joint areas

103
Q

phalanges

A

bones of the fingers and toes

104
Q

radius

A

long bone of the forearm, between the wrist and elbow

105
Q

red marrow

A

soft tissue in the epiphyses of long bones

106
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade or bone

107
Q

tarsals

A

one of seven bones that forms the instep of the foot

108
Q

tibia

A

inner and larger bone of the lower leg, between the knee and ankle

109
Q

ulna

A

long bone in the forearm, between the wrist and elbow

110
Q

vertebrae

A

bones of the spinal column

111
Q

yellow marrow

A

soft tissue in the diaphyses of long bones

112
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline

113
Q

adduction

A

movement towards the midline

114
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart

115
Q

contractability

A

the ability to shorten forcibly

116
Q

contracture

A

tightening or shortening of a muscle

117
Q

elasticity

A

the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

118
Q

excitability

A

ability to respond to stimuli

119
Q

extensibility

A

ability to be stretched

120
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two parts; straightening a limb

121
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles

122
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two parts; bending a limb

123
Q

insertion

A

end or area of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts

124
Q

involuntary

A

independent action not controlled by choice or desire

125
Q

muscle tone

A

state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act

126
Q

origin

A

end or area of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts

127
Q

rotation

A

movement around a central axis; a turning

128
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Vouluntary, striated muscle that moves bones, works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons

129
Q

tendons

A

fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bones

130
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

131
Q

voluntary

A

under one’s control; done by one’s choice or desire

132
Q

aortic valve

A

flap or cusp located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta

133
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

134
Q

blood

A

fluid that circulates through the vessels in the body to carry substances to all body parts

135
Q

capillaries

A

blood vessel that connects arterioles and venues and allows for exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the body cells

136
Q

diastole

A

period of relaxation of the heart

137
Q

endocardium

A

serous membrane lining of the heart

138
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cell

139
Q

hemoglobin

A

the iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells; serves to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

140
Q

left atrium

A

the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

141
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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