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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 12 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Graves’ disease

A

an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos

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2
Q

growth hormone

A

“regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues.”

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3
Q

gynecomastia

A

the condition of excessive mammary development in the male

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4
Q

Hashimoto’s disease/thyroiditis

A

an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

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5
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones

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6
Q

hyperglycemia

A

an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

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7
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream

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8
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the ituitary gland

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9
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones

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10
Q

hypoglycemia

A

an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

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11
Q

hypothyroidism

A

caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as an underactive thyroid

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12
Q

insulin

A

regulates the transport of glucose to body cells and stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage

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13
Q

insulinoma

A

a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin

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14
Q

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male

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15
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands

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16
Q

leptin

A

a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells)

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17
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

“in the female, stimulates ovulation; in the male, stimulates testosterone secretion”

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18
Q

myxedema

A

caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism

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19
Q

norepinephrine

A

both a hormone and neurohormone; stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, raises blood pressure, stregnthens the heartbeat and stimulates muscle contractions

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20
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, causes milk to flow from the mammary glands

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21
Q

pancreatitis

A

an inflammation of the pancreas

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22
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

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23
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

a slow-growing benign tumor of the pituitary gland;

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24
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)

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25
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger; increased appetite

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26
Q

polyuria

A

renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine

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27
Q

prediabetes

A

the state in which some but not all of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes are met

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28
Q

progesterone

A

“targets uterus. stimulates menstrual cycle, pregnancy”

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29
Q

prolactinoma

A

a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin

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30
Q

puberty

A

the condition of first being capable of reproducing sexually

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31
Q

radioactive iodine treatment

A

the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

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32
Q

steroids

A

hormone-like substances secreted by endocrine glands or artificially produced to relieve swelling and inflammation

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33
Q

testosterone

A

“secreted by the testicles, stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics”

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34
Q

thymectomy

A

the surgical removal of the thymus gland

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35
Q

thymitis

A

an inflammation of the thymus gland

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36
Q

thymosin

A

stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system

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37
Q

thyroxine

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases metabolism and regulates growth

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38
Q

abortion

A

the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable

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39
Q

abruption placentae

A

an abnormal disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

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40
Q

afterbirth

A

the plancenta expelled after delivery of the newborn

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41
Q

amenorrhea

A

an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months

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42
Q

amniocentesis

A

a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

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43
Q

amnionic fluid

A

also known as amniotic fluid; the liquid that protects the fetus and makes possible its floating movements

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44
Q

amniotic cavity

A

the fluid-filled space between the embryo and the amniotic sac

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45
Q

amniotic sac

A

the innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus

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46
Q

andropause

A

referred to as male menopause; is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone

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47
Q

anorchism

A

the absence of one or both testicles

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48
Q

anovulation

A

the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected

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49
Q

anteflexion

A

the normal position of the uterus, where the body of the uterus is bent forward

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50
Q

antepartum

A

refers to the final state of pregnancy just before the onset of labor

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51
Q

Apgar score

A

a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant’s physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

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52
Q

areola

A

dark-pigmented area that surrounds the nipple

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53
Q

azoospermia

A

the absence of sperm in the semen

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54
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

a condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina

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55
Q

balanitis

A

an inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not had the foreskin removed by circumcision

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56
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina

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57
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses

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58
Q

breast augmentation

A

mammoplasty performed to increase breast size

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59
Q

breast reduction

A

mammoplasty performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts

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60
Q

breech presentation

A

one in which the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first instead of the head

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61
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

located just below the prostrate gland; during sexual arousa, these glands secrete a fluid known as pre-ejaculate

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62
Q

caesarean section

A

the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterinen walls

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63
Q

castration

A

the surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

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64
Q

cervical cancer

A

the second-most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages of 45 and 65 years

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65
Q

cervical dysplasia

A

the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix

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66
Q

cervicitis

A

an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection

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67
Q

cervix

A

the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina

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68
Q

Chlamydia

A

the most commonly reported STD in the US; is highly contagious and requires early treatment with antibiotics

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69
Q

chorion

A

the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo

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70
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi

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71
Q

circumcision

A

the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

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72
Q

clitoris

A

an organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the urethral meatus and the vaginal orifice

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73
Q

coitus

A

sexual intercourse

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74
Q

colostrum

A

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

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75
Q

colpopexy

A

the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall

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76
Q

colporrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

77
Q

colporrhexis

A

tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall

78
Q

colposcopy

A

the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

79
Q

conception

A

occurs when a sperm penetrates and fertilizes the descending ovum

80
Q

conization

A

the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

81
Q

contraceptive

A

a measure taken, or a device used, to lessen the likelihood of conception and pregnancy

82
Q

corpus

A

the middle portion of the uterus

83
Q

corpus luteum

A

secretes the hormone progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle

84
Q

cryptorchidism

A

a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into the normal position in the scrotum

85
Q

dilation and curettage

A

a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away; also known as a D&C

86
Q

due date

A

calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period

87
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

88
Q

eclampsia

A

a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

89
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus

90
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

begins at the vas deferens, passes through the prostate glands, and empties into the urethra; a reflex action caused by these ducts causes ejaculation

91
Q

embryo

A

the developing child from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy

92
Q

endocervicitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

93
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

a small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination

94
Q

endometriosis

A

a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

95
Q

endometrium

A

the inner layer of the uterus

96
Q

endovaginal ultrasound

A

performed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding

97
Q

epididymis

A

a coiled tube at the supper part of each testicle

98
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

99
Q

episiorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy

100
Q

episiotomy

A

a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal origice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal

101
Q

fallopian tubes

A

tubes which extend from the upper end of the uterus to a point near, but not attached to, an ovary

102
Q

fetal monitoring

A

the use of an electronic device to record the fetal heart rate and the maternal uterine contractions during labor

103
Q

fetus

A

the developing child from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth

104
Q

fibroadenoma

A

a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast

105
Q

fibrocysticbreast disease

A

the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

106
Q

fimbriae

A

the fringed, finger-like extensions of the opening at the end of the fallopian tubes

107
Q

first trimester screening

A

performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a finger stick blood test

108
Q

follicle

A

a fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum (egg)

109
Q

foreskin

A

a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis

110
Q

fraternal twins

A

result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells

111
Q

fundus

A

the bulging, rounded part of the uterus above the entrance of the fallopian tubes

112
Q

galactorrhea

A

the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding

113
Q

genital herpes

A

an STD caused by the herpex simplex virus type 2

114
Q

genital warts

A

an STD caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV); highly contagious

115
Q

genitalia

A

the organs of reproduction and their associated structures

116
Q

gestation

A

the period of development of the child in the mother’s uterus; lasts approximately 280 days

117
Q

glans penis

A

the head of the penis

118
Q

gonorrhea

A

a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

119
Q

gynecologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

120
Q

hemospermia

A

the presence of blood in the seminal fluid

121
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause

122
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

transmitted through exposure to infected body fluids, particularly through sexual intercourse with an infected partner

123
Q

hydrocele

A

a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

124
Q

hymen

A

a mucous membrane that partially covers this opening before a woman has had intercourse

125
Q

hypermenorrhea

A

an excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days

126
Q

hypomenorrhea

A

an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period

127
Q

hysterectomy

A

the surgical removal of the uterus

128
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

129
Q

hysteroscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

130
Q

identical twins

A

formed by the fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm that divides to form two embryos

131
Q

impotence

A

the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also known as erectile dysfunction

132
Q

infertility

A

the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to live birth

133
Q

infertility specialist

A

diagnoses and treats problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy

134
Q

infundibulum

A

the funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary

135
Q

intrauterine device

A

a molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus

136
Q

labia major and labia minora

A

the vaginal lips that protect the other external genitalis and the urethral meatus

137
Q

lactation

A

the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant

138
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

milk ducts which carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple

139
Q

leukorrhea

A

a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina

140
Q

lochia

A

the postpartum vaginal discharge that typically continues for 4-6 weeks after childbirth

141
Q

low sperm count

A

a sperm count below 20 million/ml; also known as oligospermia

142
Q

mammary glands

A

the milk-producing glands that develop during puberty

143
Q

mammoplasty

A

a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts

144
Q

mastalgia

A

pain in the breast

145
Q

mastitis

A

a breast infection that is most frequently caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue during breastfeeding

146
Q

mastopexy

A

mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts ina more elevated position

147
Q

meconium

A

the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn

148
Q

menarche

A

the beginning of the menstrual function

149
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

150
Q

menopause

A

the normal termination of the menstrual function

151
Q

menstruation

A

the normal, periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from the uterus

152
Q

metrorrhea

A

an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus

153
Q

mons pubis

A

a rounded, fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis

154
Q

multiparous

A

a woman who has given birth two or more times

155
Q

multiples

A

the term used to describe a birth involving more than two infants

156
Q

myomectomy

A

the surgical removal of uterine fibroids

157
Q

myometrium

A

the muscular middle layer of uterine tissue

158
Q

navel

A

belly button

159
Q

neonate

A

newborn infant during the first 4 weeks after birth

160
Q

neonatologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn

161
Q

nipple

A

breast milk flows through the nipple

162
Q

normal sperm count

A

20-120 million or more sperm per millileter of semen

163
Q

nulligravida

A

a woman who has never been pregnant

164
Q

nullipara

A

a women who has never borne a viable child

165
Q

obstetrician

A

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

166
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a women with previously normal periods

167
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

168
Q

orchidectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both testicles

169
Q

orchiopexy

A

endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum

170
Q

ova

A

the female gametes; also known as eggs

171
Q

ovarian cancer

A

originates within the walls of the ovaries

172
Q

ovariectomy

A

the surgical removal of one or both ovaries

173
Q

ovaries

A

a pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen, one on either side of the uterus

174
Q

ovariorrhexis

A

the rupture of an ovary

175
Q

ovulation

A

the release of a mature egg from a follicle on the surface of the ovary

176
Q

Papanicolaou test

A

Pap smear; an exfoliative biopsy for the detection of conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer

177
Q

pediatrician

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of children

178
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy

179
Q

pelvimetry

A

a radiographic study to measure the dimentions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal

180
Q

penis

A

the male sex organ that transports the sperm into the female vagina

181
Q

perimenopause

A

the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

182
Q

perimetrium

A

the tough, membranous outer layer of the uterus

183
Q

perineum

A

the external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

184
Q

Peyronie’s disease

A

a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection; also known as penile curvature

185
Q

phimosis

A

a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted (pulled back) to expose the glans penis

186
Q

placenta

A

a temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and fetus without allowing maternal blood and fetal blood to mix

187
Q

placenta previa

A

the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

188
Q

polycystic ovary syndrome

A

a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles

HOSA Bowl 2022 (35 decks)

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