Mechanisms behind natural evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Observations on Populations

A
  • Individuals in population vary in their habitable characteristics
  • overproduction of offspring and competition for resources
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2
Q

_____ causes competition for limited resources

A

selection pressure

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3
Q

individuals in population vary in their characteristics (phenotype) due ____

A

varied genetic makeup (genotype)

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4
Q

Environmental factors are called:

A

selection pressure

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5
Q

individuals with ____ leave more offspring

A

heritable characteristics that are well suited to their environment

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6
Q

Selective pressures leads to

A

differences in reproductive success of individuals

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7
Q

differences in reproductive success of individuals

A

accumulation of favorable traits in the population

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8
Q

Evolution

A

the accumulation of heritable variation over many generations

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9
Q

The direction of natural selection may change as ____ changes

A

selection pressures

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10
Q

Natural selection occurs as the result of _____ of individuals in populations

A

unequal reproductive success

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11
Q

In the next generation after natural selection:

A

There are more individuals with that variation of the trait than were present in the previous generation

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12
Q

Darwin’s proposed mechanisms by which natural forces (selection pressures) can select for advantageous variations

A
  1. environemnt “selects” for beneficial variation

2. natural selection results in adaptive changes in populations over generations called “descent with modification”

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13
Q

Adaptation

A

an inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

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14
Q

Natural selection

A

a process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits

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15
Q

all you need is _____

A

greater reproductive success

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16
Q

Individuals with advantageous
heritable characteristics survive and
reproduce at a ____ rate than other
individuals

A

higher

17
Q

Natural selection increases the
_____ of populations to their
environment over time

A

adaptation

18
Q

As populations adapt to different

environments, ____ may arise over time (over many generations)

A

new species

19
Q

Selection pressures act on individuals, but only _____ evolve

A

populations

20
Q

Natural selection acts on ____

A

existing variation