Evolution of Populations Flashcards
Natural selection acts on
individuals
only ____ evolve by natural selection
populations
The smallest unit of evolutionary change
population
Microevolution
a change in allele frequencies in populations over generations
Alleles
different forms of a gene, corresponding to different DNA sequences in each form (one allele per chromosome)
Population
a localized group of individuals of a single species that interbreed (share alleles) and produce fertile offspring
Gene pool
all the alleles present in all individuals in the population
Gene variation is advantageous to a population because:
enables adaptation of the population to the environment via natural selection
Phenotype is a product of
genotype and environmental influences
New genes and alleles arise by
mutation and gene duplication
Mutations
changes in an individuals DNA sequence
Mutations can be caused by
i) small-scale (e.g. point mutation) or chromosomal (e.g. insertion/deletion) errors in DNA
replication
ii) structural damage to DNA (e.g. radiation)
Sources of genetic variation
mutations, sexual preproduction
Sexual reproduction
can shuffle existing alleles into new combinations
Adaptation
feature or trait (created through natural selection) that provides an advantage (higher relative fitness) to an individual possessing it.