Angiosperms

Question 1

Angiosperms

Answer 1

seed plants with two key reproductive adaptations: flowers and fruits

Question 2

Phylum of angiosperms

Answer 2

Anthophyta

Question 3

The ____ is the dominant generation

Answer 3

sporophyte

Question 4

The gametophytes are ____ and depend on the ____ for nutrients

Answer 4

microscopic, sporophyte

Question 5

Flowers

Answer 5

specialized structures for sexual reproduction

Question 6

Different types of modified leaves

Answer 6

Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Question 7

Sepals

Answer 7

leaves that enclose the flower

Question 8

petals

Answer 8

leaves that are brightly coloured to attract pollinators

Question 9

stamens

Answer 9

leaves that produce pollen

Question 10

carpels

Answer 10

leaves that produce ovules

Question 11

___ and ___ are reproductive organs

Answer 11

stamens and carpels

Question 12

Stamen consists of

Answer 12

stalk (filament), anther (containing microsporangia) that produce pollen

Question 13

microsporangia

Answer 13

pollen sacks inside of anther that produce pollen

Question 14

carpel consists of

Answer 14

ovary (at the base), style, and sigma

Question 15

Megaspore

Answer 15

the female genotype

Question 16

Complete flowers contain:

Answer 16

all 4 flowar organs

Question 17

Approx __ of angiosperms have incomplete flowers

Answer 17

12%

Question 18

Infloroscences

Answer 18

clusters of flowers

Question 19

A pollen grain consists of:

Answer 19

two-celled male gametophyte and sporopollenin-rich outer wall

Question 20

Pollen develops from

Answer 20

microspores within the microsporangia of anthers

Question 21

Microspores undergo mitosis to produce:

Answer 21

two-celled male gametophytes, generative cell (sperm nuclei) and tube cell (pollen tube)

Question 22

The embryo sac develops in

Answer 22

an ovule contained in the ovary at the sigma base

Question 23

Megasporocyte in megasporium undergoes meiosis and

Answer 23

produces 4 megaspores (only one survives)

Question 24

Megaspores produce

Answer 24

7-celled female gametophyte after division

Question 25

Pollenation

Answer 25

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 26

Pollination occurs via

Answer 26

wind, water, animals

Question 27

After pollination:

Answer 27

1. pollen grain produces a pollen tube
2. generative cell undergoes mitosis to produce two sperm nuclei
3. the pollen tube of the male gametophyte grows down into the ovary and discharges two sperm nuclei into an ovule

Question 28

Double fertilization

Answer 28

occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm nuclei into the embryo sac within an ovule

Question 29

One sperm nuclei fertilize the egg to form a while The second sperm nuclei forms

Answer 29

1, zygote (2n)

2. combines with polar nuclei, giving rise to the triploid food-storing endosperm (3n)

Question 30

After double fertilization

Answer 30

− Each fertilized ovule develops into a seed.

− The ovary develops into a fruit enclosing the seed(s).

Question 31

Endosperm development

Answer 31

• Triploid endosperm undergoes repeated mitosis to produce starchy food tissues for the embryo.
• Triploid endosperm takes nutrients from the parent gametophyte during development.

Question 32

endosperm in monocots

Answer 32

the endosperm stores nutrients that can be sued by the seedling

Question 33

endosperm in most eudicots

Answer 33

food reserves of the endosperm are exported to the cotyledons (embryo)

Question 34

The first mitotic division splits the zygote into

Answer 34

basal cell and terminal cell

Question 35

basal cell

Answer 35

The basal cell produces a multicellular suspensor, which anchors the embryo in the endosperm cavity and facilitates the transfer of nutrients to the developing embryo

Question 36

The terminal cell

Answer 36

gives rises to most of the embryo

Question 37

After fertilization

Answer 37

each fertilized ovule develops into a seed, the ovary develops into a fruit enclosing the seeds

Question 38

A fruit forms when

Answer 38

the ovary wall thickens and matures

Question 39

Fruit functions

Answer 39

protect seeds, assist seed dispersal by wind, water, or animals

Question 40

Classifications of fruit

Answer 40

dry (ovary dries out during maturity) and fleshy (thick, soft, and sweet at maturity)

Question 41

Adaptive advantages of angiosperm fertilization

Answer 41

1. Nutrient stores in the seed (endosperm) develops only after double fertilization.
2. Fruit development is usually triggered by fertilization
3. Female gametophyte greatly reduced in size and hence cheaper to produce
4. Rapid growth of the small female gametophyte