MCQ day Flashcards
Most likely site of mets from Paget’s disease causing primary bone tumour
Lungs
Most likely site of mets from sarcoma
Lungs
Most likely cause of abdo pain with prev history of intussception
Meckel’s diverticulum
Tissue found in Meckel’s
Gastric and pancreatic tissue
Organism causing gas in biliary tree/urinary system
E. coli
Where are cells responding to an initial decrease in BP
Carotid sinus
What does the GFR have to decrease by before a rise in creatinine?
50%
Which cell changes do not have increased risk of malignancy?
Women - apocrine metaplasia of breast
Men - BPH
HbA1c to carry out elective operating
<69
Organism causing blue gallbladder
Salmonella typhi
Which blood test is needed prior to haemodialysis?
Hep B
Which nerve is encountered superficially during a midline incision of popliteal fossa?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Which investigation is needed prior to commencing trastuzumab?
Echo
Which structure is visualised first on TOE?
L atrium
When do you have to stop dipyramidole prior to surgery?
2 days
Which drug causes irreversible inhibition of platelets?
Aspirin
Which embryological structure gives rise to eyes?
Surface ectoderm
What is likely biochemical derangement in continued diuresis?
Hypokalaemia
Hypernatraemia
Metabolic alkalosis
What type of cell does tetani act on?
Interneuron
Most likely causative organism of osteomyelitis of foot
Pseudomonas
Cause of hyponatraemia following head injury
Supra optic nucleus
Possible consequence of pre op blood transfusion
Decreased 2-3 BPG
Which cells allow liver regeneration?
Stabile cells
What is the anterior border of posterior abdominal wall hernia?
IQ 12
Internal oblique - anterior/lateral
Quadratus lumborum - medial
Lower border of 12th rib - superior
Electrolyte findings in tumour lysis syndrome
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia
Which skin cancer in more common on top/bottom lip?
BullShit
BCC on top
SCC on bottom
What is the pleural vs serum protein findings in malignant pleural effusion?
Pleural protein : serum protein > 0.5 in malignant pleural effusion
Decreased amount of which gas leads to post-op atelectasis?
Nitrogen
Which diabetes drugs need to be omitted pre-op?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin
Cause of woody thyroid in young person
Reidel’s thyroiditis
Cause of woody thyroid in elderly person
Anaplastic thyroid ca
Location of lymph nodes in cancer of tip of tongue
Submental
Location of lymph nodes in eyelid cancer
Preauricular
Cause of recurrent ear infection in child
Levator veli palatini
Clotting factor produced outside liver parenchyma
VIII
Which muscle likely affected in supracondylar fracture?
FPL (AIN)
Which muscle likely affected in distal radius fracture?
EPL
Lymphatic drainage and blood supply of upper 1/3rd of oesophagus
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Inferior thyroid artery
Lymphatic drainage of middle 1/3rd of oesophagus
Mediastinal lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage of lower 1/3rd of oesophagus
L gastric and coeliac lymph nodes
Drug causing thrombocytopenia
Linezolid
Cause of anaemia in resection of terminal ileum
Macrocytosis
Low B12
What method of fracture fixation leads to primary bone healing?
Compression plating
Cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell anaemia
Salmonella
ERAS
Remove NG tube post operatively
Lateral leg numbness, weakness of dorsiflexion
L4-L5
ECG findings in hypocalcaemia
Long QT
Long ST
ECG findings in hypercalcaemia
Short QT
Short ST
ECG findings in hyperkalaemia
ST elevation
Tall T waves
Long PR
Widened qrs
ECG findings in hypokalaemia
Depressed ST
Inverted T wave
U wave
Cause of extrinsic compression of oesophagus
Aortic arch
Imaging used to detect venous thrombus
MRI
Most likely location of perforation in coeliac disease
Ileum
Where are Peyer’s patches found
Ileum
Where is iron absorbed?
Duodenum
Where is B12 absorbed?
Terminal ileum
Where is folic acid absorbed?
Jejunum
Farmer with bloody diarrhoea and erythema nodosum
Yersinia enterocolitis
Wound infection following appendicitis/diverticulitis
Bacteroides fragilis
Minimum body temp before returning patient from theatre to ward
36
Which reflexes return first in spinal shock?
Deep plantar
Condition to test for before initiation of infliximab
TB
What type of drug is infliximab?
TNF factor inhibitor
SE of nitrofurantoin
Pulmonary fibrosis
Most common location of anal fissure
Posterior midline, distal to dentate line
Flagellated bacteria
Salmonella
Most likely location of bowel cancer with fatigue and iron deficiency anaemia
R sided bowel ca
Enzymes broken down by lactulose
Fructose and galactose
Active location of lactulose
Colon
Most common cell type found in granuloma
Epitheloid histiocyte
Location of lymphatic spread with uterine fundus tumour
Para-aortic
Type of amyloid found in carpal tunnel mass
Beta 2 microglobulin
Type of amyloid found in heart
ATTR, transthyretin
Life span of platelet
7-10 days
Location of Ludwig’s angina
Submandibular space
Muscle dividing submandibular space
Mylohyoid
Drug cause vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole
Angiotensin II
Test for gastrinoma
Secretin stimulation test
Most common location of ectopic testes
Superficial inguinal pouch
Cause of decreased respiratory rate with increased oxygenation in COPD
Carotid body stimulation
Location of Peyer’s patches
Submucosa
Location of oesophageal varices
Submucosa
Location of Brunner’s glands
Submucosa (duodenum)
Location of muscle weakness leading to haemorrhoids
Submucosa
Cause of cleft lip
Failure of fusion of maxillary and inter maxillary processes
Cause of dumping syndrome
Release of insulin
Which part of muscle does not change size during contraction?
A band
What is the difference between omphalocoele/gastroschisis?
Omphalocoele - overcoat, central
Gastroschisis - no peritoneum, R sided
Which bone likely to be dislocated when presenting with median nerve palsy?
Lunate
Damage to which nerve causes change in pitch?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Cause of bilious vomiting with scaphoid abdomen
Duodenal atresia
Injury to which tendon causing lack of flexion of DIP
FDP
Thumb dermatome
C6
Middle finger dermatome
C7
Location of renin production
Juxta glomerulosa
Location of aldosterone production
Zona glomerulosa
Location of sodium concentration
Macula densa
Electrolyte disturbance in gastric outlet obstruction
Hypochloraemia
Hypokalaemia
Alkalosis
Anterior neck mass causing ear pain
Vagus nerve
Cause of red, non-painful arm swellings in a gardener
Sporothrix Schenkii (fungus)
ECG findings in hypothermia
Prolonged PR
J wave
Lymph node spread in uterine body ca
External iliac nodes
Lymph node spread in cervical ca
Internal iliac nodes
First component of blood to be affected following splenectomy
Reticulocytes
Post splenectomy GI pathology
Gastric dilatation
Post splenectomy resp pathology
Basal atelectasis
First site of resistance on catheter insertion
Membranous urethra
Tumour characterised by nuclear pseudopalisades
Glioblastoma multiforme
3 pops in LP
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Cells found in CSF in bacterial meningitis
Neutrophils
Cells found in CSF in viral meningitis
Lymphocytes
Pre malignant cell change
Dysplasia
Origin of stapes
2nd pharyngeal arch
Which nerve is at risk in carotid endarterectomy?
Hypoglossal nerve
MOA ciprofloxacin
DNA gyrase
Gyrating on dance floor = ruptured achilles heel
Paeds fluids calculation
40mls first 10kg
20ml next 10kg
1ml/kg thereafter
AAA repair
Thrombosis of artery of Adamkiewicz
Where does urine drain to in extraperitoneal bladder rupture?
Retropubic space
Blood supply of L colon
IMA
Best M&M predictor following lung resection
FEV 1
Supply to head of femur in children
Ligamentum teres
Nerve involved in turning head
Accessory nerve
Innervation of external urethral sphincter
S2, S3, & S4
Post-synaptic fibres to supply lacrimal gland
Pterygopalantine ganglion
Nerve roots affected in Horner’s syndrome
C8 & T1
Nerve at risk during posterolateral approach to ankle
Sural nerve
Cause of increased BP and decreased HR in head injury (Cushing’s reflex)
Sympathetic stimulation due to raised ICP
IgG
Plasma cell
Muscle covering lateral border of T12 to L4
Psoas major
Port-wine urine
Acute intermittent porphyria
Gene involved in MEN1
MEN gene
Gene involved in MEN 2a & 2b
RET gene
Order of structures anterior to posterior at renal hilum
V A U
Where do R&L pulmonary arteries arise from
6th pharyngeal arch
Which transport system does aldosterone activate
Na+/K+ in collecting ducts
Where does vertebral arch arise from
Subclavian
Cause of dark irregular gallstones
Unconjugated bilirubin
Post splenectomy bloods
Howell-Jolly
Thrombocytosis
Cause of gastric fundus varices
Splenic vein thrombosis
Structure at risk in injury to medial third of R clavicle
R subclavian
Vein involved in varicocele
Testicular win
Which layer surrounds hydrocele
Tunica vaginalis
Bony finding in multiple myeloma
Osteolytic lesions
Level of IVC formation
L5
Level of aorta bifurcation
L4
Which respiratory parameter does BMI impact
Functional residual capacity
Where does R testicular vein drain into
IVC
Where does L testicular vein drain into
L renal vein
Where is EPO produced
PCT in peritubular cells
Where is vit D1 hydroxylated
PCT
Where is vit D25 hydroxylated
Liver
Why is urine output decreased after surgery
Increased vasopressin release
Location of ischiorectal abscess
Medial to pudendal canal
Location of annular pancreas
Second part of duodenum
What does warfarin inhibit
Prothrombin
Location of safe emergency airway
Stab incision in cricothyroid membrane
Benign breast condition in smoker
Subareolar mastitis
Cause of post-op paralytic ileus
Substance P receptor
Cause of yellow granules
Actinomyces
Nerves at cerebellopontine angle
5, 7 & 8
Surface markings of internal jugular vein
Lower lobe of ear to sterno clavicular joint
Primary metabolic effect if adrenalin
Glycolysis
Which structure blocked if all ventricles dilated
Superior sagittal sinus
Where about on the bladder do the ureters pierce
Posterior surface
Well circumscribed mass on greater curvature of stomach
GIST
Artery supplying Little’s area
Sphenopalantine artery
Recurrent mastoid infection, surgical management, altered taste
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Cause of cardiac muscle contraction
Influx of calcium through sarcolemma
Painful goitre
Subacute thyroiditis
Normal pulse pressure
40mmHg
Enzyme involved in autodigestion of pancreas
Trypsin
Which vessels dilate to lower BP following exercise
Pre capillary sphincters
