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GI pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of GI tract is affected by cancer?

A

Submucosa

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2
Q

Which layer of GI tract is strongest

A

Submucosa

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3
Q

Cell type in oesophagus

A

Non-keratinising stratified squamous epthelium

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4
Q

Histological features of duodenum

A

Brunners glands
Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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5
Q

Histological features of jejunum

A

Plicae circulares
Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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6
Q

Histological features of ileum

A

Peyers patches
Goblet cells

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7
Q

Histological features of colon

A

Crypts of Lieberkihn

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8
Q

Zenkers diverticulum

A

False due to lack of muscularis involvement
Bad breath, elderly male

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9
Q

Location of Zenkers

A

Criopharyngeus

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10
Q

Plummer Vinson syndrome

A

Dysphagia
IDA
Oesophageal web

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11
Q

Mallory-weiss

A

Longitudinal tear in oesophagus
2Ls in Mallory are longitudinal

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12
Q

Boerhaave syndrome

A

L posterolateral tear below diaphragm
Subcutaneous emphysema
Oesophagus perf - due to lack of adventitia

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13
Q

Where is loss of ganglia cells in achalasia?

A

Myenteric plexus

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14
Q

Where is loss of ganglia cells in Hirschsprungs?

A

Myenteric and submucosal plexus

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15
Q

Which type of cancer does Barrett’s predispose to?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Most common cancer in upper 2/3rd oesophagus

A

SCC

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17
Q

Most common cancer in lower 1/3rd oesophagus

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

Parietal cells

A

Produce acid and intrinsic factor

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19
Q

Chief cells

A

Produce pepsinogen
Chiefs like meat

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20
Q

G cells

A

Produce gastrin

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21
Q

Which layer of GI tract have nerves in?

A

Submucosa

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22
Q

Type A gastritis

A

Autoimmune

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23
Q

Type B gastritis

A

H Pylori

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24
Q

Likely cause of high gastrin with no ulcer

A

Pernicious anaemia

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25
Q

Likely cause of ulcers in D1

A

H pylori

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26
Q

Likely cause of multiple ulcers in D2/D3

A

Gastrinoma/ZE

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27
Q

Test for gastrinoma

A

Ocreotide (somatostatin) scan

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28
Q

Cell type seen in diffuse stomach cancer

A

Signet ring cell

29
Q

Causes of gastric lymphoma

A

Chronic inflammation
H pylori
B cell lymphoma

30
Q

Genetic mutation in GIST

A

KIT proto-oncogene
CD117 on stain

31
Q

Description of GISR

A

Smooth-well circumscribed tumour

32
Q

Cause of cholesterol stones

A

TPN
Pregnancy

33
Q

Cause of multifaceted black pigmented stones

A

Pre hepatic

34
Q

Most common causative organism of ascending cholangitis

35
Q

PBC

A

Middle aged women
Auto immune
Associated with Sjogrens, RA, scleroderma

36
Q

PSC

A

Onion ring appearance
ulcerative colitis
Klatskin tumour

37
Q

Gene mutation in pancreatic cancer

38
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

Painless jaundice with palpable gallbladder

39
Q

C-peptide

A

Elevated in insulinoma

40
Q

Pancreatic beta cell tumour

A

Insulinoma

41
Q

Pancreatic alpha cell tumour

A

Glucagonoma

42
Q

Buttock rash

A

Glucagonoma
HSP

43
Q

Management of glucagonoma

A

Ocreotide (somatostatin)
Surgery

44
Q

Test for carcinoid syndrome

A

Urine HIAA
Pentagastrin stimulation test

45
Q

Location of iron absorption

46
Q

Location of B12 absorption

47
Q

Location of folate absorption

48
Q

Location of Vit K absorption

A

Terminal ileum

49
Q

Vitamin deficiency following terminal ileum resection

A

B12, D, E, K, A

50
Q

Type of kidney stones in Crohn’s

A

Calcium oxalate

51
Q

Hallmark cell in Crohn’s disease

52
Q

Hallmark pathology in UC

A

Crypt abscess

53
Q

Hyperplastic polyp

A

Flat white

54
Q

Presentation of L sided bowel tumour

A

Constipation and bleeding

55
Q

Presentation of R sided bowel tumour

56
Q

Microsatellite instability

57
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

Gastric ca
Endometrial ca
Upper tract TCC (urinary)

58
Q

Which side of bowel is HNPCC cancer?

59
Q

FAP

A

p53 mutation on chromosome 5

60
Q

Which side of bowel is Gardners syndrome cancer?

61
Q

Chromosome 5 instability

A

FAP/Gardeners

62
Q

Which nerve root causes shoulder tip pain?

63
Q

Most common location for perforation

64
Q

Most common location for obstruction

A

Sigmoid colon

65
Q

Which drug is given to treat pseudo obstruction?

A

Neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

66
Q

Most common site of volvulus

67
Q

Caecal volvulus

A

Young runners

68
Q

Most common location of anal fissure

A

Posterior
Below dentate line

MRCS (25 decks)

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