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MRCS > Thorax anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Level of hyoid bone

A

C3

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2
Q

C4

A

Bifurcation of common carotid artery and thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

L4

A

Bifurcation of trachea and aorta

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4
Q

C6

A

Trachea begins
Oesophagus begins
Cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

Distance from incisior to oesophagus

A

15cm

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6
Q

T2 surface landmark

A

Suprasternal notch

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7
Q

T4 surface landmark

A

Angle of Louis

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8
Q

T8

A

IVC

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9
Q

T9 surface landmark

A

Xiphisternum

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10
Q

T10

A

Oesophagus

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11
Q

T12

A

Aorta

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12
Q

L1

A

Transpyloric plane

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13
Q

L2

A

Renal vessels, thoracic duct, azygous vein

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14
Q

L3

A

Umbilicus

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15
Q

L4

A

Bifurcation of aorta & trachea, iliac crest

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16
Q

L5

A

Commencement of IVC

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17
Q

Most common paeds murmur

A

PDA & coarctation of aorta
Below L clavicle radiating into back

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18
Q

Aortic valve

A

2nd ICS, R sternal edge

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19
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

2nd ICS, L sternal edge

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20
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

5th ICS, L sternal edge

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21
Q

Mitral valve

A

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line

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22
Q

Apex of heart stabbing

A

L mid clavicular line, 5th intercostal space

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23
Q

Which chamber of heart is most anterior in chest?

A

R ventricle

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24
Q

Beck’s triad - CARDIAC TAMPONADE

A

Hypotension
JVP distension
Muffled heart sounds

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25
Q

ECG finding in cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus alternans

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26
Q

Transoesophageal echo

A

Visualises L atrium
LA causes dysphagia

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27
Q

Branches of aorta

A

ABC’S
Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic
Common carotid
Subclavian

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28
Q

Deceleration injury

A

Aortic isthmus –> LATERAL to L subclavian
Leading to radio femoral delay

29
Q

Difference between FAST and eFAST

A

FAST = heart, suprapubic and 2 flanks
eFAST includes lungs

30
Q

Diastole

A

Heart relaxes and receives blood

31
Q

R&L coronary arteries

A

RIGHT at the front otherwise you will be LEFT behind
R coronary - comes off at front of aortic root
L coronary - comes off at back of aortic root

32
Q

Subendocardium

A

Most likely to become ischaemic –> papillary necrosis

33
Q

Drainage of thesbian/anterior cardiac veins

34
Q

Shape of R main bronchus

A

Larger
Shorter
Vertical

35
Q

Aspiration pneumonia consolidation when supine

A

Bottom of upper lobe
Top of lower lobe

36
Q

Primary spontaneous pnuemothorax

A

Tall, thin male smokers

37
Q

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Lung disease, bullae

38
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Distended neck veins
Hypotensive
Absent breath sounds

39
Q

Management of tension pneumothorax

A

Needle decompression
Adults - safe triangle
Paeds - 2nd intercostal space, mid clavicular line

40
Q

Safe triangle

A

Above nipple/5th intercostal space
Below apex axilla
Anterior border of latissimus dorsi
Lateral border of pec major

41
Q

Attachments of diaphragm

A

R & L crura
Lower 6th costal cartilages and ribs
Xiphoid of sternum

42
Q

Indication for cervical sympathectomy

A

Hyperhidrosis
Raynaud’s disease
Facial flushing

43
Q

Likely level of injury for stellate ganglion

A

T1
Fat pad sign

44
Q

Superior sulcus syndrome

A

Pancoast tumour
Lung cancer in apex

45
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

T1
Neck pain
Radiating pain to ulnar side of arm/hand
Paraesthesia of the hand

46
Q

T4

A

ANGLE OF LOUIS
2nd rib
Superior/inferior mediastinal plane
Aortic arch
Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
Azygous vein enters SVC
Bifurcation of trachea

47
Q

Anterior wall of superior mediastinum

48
Q

Anterior wall of inferior mediastinum

49
Q

Structures in posterior mediastinum

A

DATES
Descending thoracic aorta
Azygous
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Sympathetic trunk

50
Q

Nerve anterior to lung

A

Phrenic nerve

51
Q

Nerve posterior to lung

A

Vagus nerve

52
Q

Most posterior structure at lung hilum

A

Pulmonary vein

53
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Front of hilum
Front of scalene anterior

54
Q

Location of roots of brachial plexus

A

Scalene triangle

55
Q

Where does azygous drain into SVC?

A

Behind hilum at angle of Louis

56
Q

Lymph node drainage of stomach cancer

A

Coeliac plexus –> Virchow’s node

57
Q

Level of ligation of thoracic duct

58
Q

Location of thoracic duct

A

Behind oesophagus until T5 then L lateral
Behind carotid sheath until C7

59
Q

Oesophageal constrictions

A

A - aorta
B - left Bronchus
C - cricopharyngeus
D - diaphragm

60
Q

Cell lining of oesophagus

A

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

61
Q

Upper 1/3rd oesophagus

A

Supraclavicular nodes
Inferior thyroid artery

62
Q

Middle 1/3rd oesophagus

A

Mediastinal nodes
Mediastinal artery

63
Q

Lower 1/3rd oesophagus

A

Coeliac nodes
Coeliac trunk

64
Q

Nerve injury following mastectomy

A

Intercostobrachial numbness in axilla

65
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury

A

C567 - punch up to heaven
Serratus anterior (rotates scapula)
Winging of scapula

66
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve injury

A

Latissimus dorsi
Unable to push oneself up, unable to lift suitcase

67
Q

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve injury

A

Pec major and minor

68
Q

Intercostobrachial nerve injury

A

Axilla, anaesthesia of inner arm

MRCS (25 decks)

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