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Oncology pathology Flashcards

1
Q

CIS

A

Abnormal cells in all layers
Does not breach basement membrane

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2
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal cells not present in all layers

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2
Q

Features of neoplastic cells

A

Increased pleomorphism
Increased hyperchromatic nuclei
Increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
Increased mitoses
Loss of cell polarity - all have same function

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3
Q

Mechanism of metastasis

A

Reduced E-cadherin expression
Increased collagenase expression
Increased neovascularisation

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4
Q

Anapaestic cell

A

Does not resemble native tissue

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5
Q

CEA

A

Bowel ca
Also thyroid, breast, liver, lung, oesophagus, stomach

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6
Q

Ca 19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

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7
Q

Ca 125

A

Ovarian

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8
Q

Ca 153

A

Breast

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9
Q

Cancers spread via blood

A

Sarcoma
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal adenocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma

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10
Q

Where does sarcoma most commonly metastasise?

A

Lungs

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11
Q

Cancers spread via lymphatics

A

Most carcinomas

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12
Q

Transcoelomic spread

A

Krukenberg tumour - gastric cancer which drops onto ovary

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13
Q

Proto-oncogenes

A

Genes involved in normal cell growth

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14
Q

PDGF

A

Oncogene
Brain
Growth factor in brain

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15
Q

HER 2

A

Oncogene
Growth factor receptor
Breast

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16
Q

RAS

A

FAP
Oncogene
Signal transduction

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17
Q

p53

A

Tumour suppressor gene

18
Q

Conditions involving p53 germ line mutation

A
  • Retinoblastoma
  • BRCA 1 + 2
  • HPNCC
  • FAP
  • Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
19
Q

Aflatoxin

A

HCC carcinogen

20
Q

Aniline dyes

A

Bladder carcinogen

21
Q

Asbestos

A

Lung/mesothelioma

22
Q

Arsenic

A

SCC, angiosarcoma

23
Q

Smoking

A

Oropharyngeal
Bladder
Pancreas

24
Q

Alcohol

A

Oesophagus
Liver

25
Q

Radiation

A

Skin
Thyroid

26
Q

Radon

27
Q

Nitrosamine

A

Sausages
Stomach

28
Q

Wood dust

A

Nasopharyngeal

29
Q

Vinyl chloride

A

Liver angiosarcoma

30
Q

EBV carcinogen

A

Burkitts lymphoma
Hodgkins lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal

31
Q

Hep B & C carcinogen

32
Q

HPC 16 18 carcinogen

A

Cervical
Penile
Head & neck

33
Q

H. pylori carcinogen

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma
MALToma

34
Q

Schistosomiasis haemotobium

A

SCC bladder

35
Q

Liver fluke - clonorchis sinensis

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

36
Q

Cisplatin and carboplatin

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

37
Q

Vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy

38
Q

Bleomycin and busulfan

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

39
Q

Trastruzumab and doxorubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity
Need ECG prior

40
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis

41
Q

Methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression

42
Q

PDL-1 theapy

A

Must have PDL-1 levels checked prior

MRCS (25 decks)

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