male reproductive system

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

production of androgens (steroid hormones)
production, storage and nourishment of male gametes
introduction of male gametes into female reproductive tract

Question 2

what divides the scrotum into 2 compartments

Answer 2

scrotal septum

Question 3

what 5 things are the male reproductive systems divided into

Answer 3

testes, scrotum, ducts, glands and penis

Question 4

what are the testies suspended by

Answer 4

the spermatic chord

Question 5

where does the spermatic chord pass through

Answer 5

the inguinal canal to/from the abdominal cavity

Question 6

what are the network of veins in the testis called

Answer 6

the testicular venous plexus (pampiniform plexus)

Question 7

what are the 2 tissue layers of the testis called

Answer 7

tunica vaginalis (thin serous outer layer, derived from peritoneum)
tunica albuginea (tough fiberous inner layer which divides each testis into lobules)

Question 8

what are the highly coiled tubes within the testis called

Answer 8

seminiferous tubules

Question 9

where does spermatogenesis take place

Answer 9

in the seminiferous tubules

Question 10

the walls of the seminiferous tubules are formed by what cells

Answer 10

sertoli cells

Question 11

what do sertoli cells do

Answer 11

secrete nutrients for developing spermatozoa

Question 12

what is mitosis

Answer 12

the division of a parent cell into 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical

Question 13

what is meiosis

Answer 13

meiosis generates gametes which decreases the number of chromosomes

Question 14

how many spermatids does 1 spermatocyte product

Answer 14

4

Question 15

what are the 4 stages of spermatogenisis

Answer 15

mitosis, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, spermiogenesis (maturation)

Question 16

what are the 3 main parts of the sperm called and what do they do

Answer 16

head - contains nucleus with DNA and acrosome (enzymes to break down female gamete)
middle piece - contains mitochondria for power
Tail (Flagellum) to swim

Question 17

what is spermiogenesis

Answer 17

conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa

Question 18

what are sertoli cells required for

Answer 18

maturation of spermatozoa
forms blood - testis barrier which keeps spermatozoa away from blood. If near blood their proteins on the surface would be detected by white blood cells and cause an immune response

Question 19

what are leydig cells for

Answer 19

secretion of androgenic steroids (testosterone)

Question 20

what do sertoli cells excrete

Answer 20

Inhibin
Androgen-binding protein
Mullerian-inhibiting substance

Question 21

what does LH work on

Answer 21

leydig cells

Question 22

what does FSH work on

Answer 22

sertoli cells (stimulates spermatogenesis)

Question 23

where are leydig cells found and what do they secrete

Answer 23

found between seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone

Question 24

what muscles are responsible for drawing the testis closer to the body when cold

Answer 24

the cremaster and dartos muscles

Question 25

what cools down the testis when they get too warm

Answer 25

the testicular venous plexus (pampiniform plexus)

Question 26

where is the epididymis located

Answer 26

posterior surface of testis, continuous with the vas deferens

Question 27

what is the function of the epididymis

Answer 27

maturing and storing spermatozoa, absorb unused sperm

Question 28

what structure are the cells of the epididymis

Answer 28

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with microvilli

Question 29

what is the role of the vas deferens

Answer 29

to transport the spermatozoa though peristalsis

Question 30

where is the vas deferens located

Answer 30

ascends posterior to the testis along the spermatic chord, enters the abdominal cavity and through the inguinal canal

Question 31

what happens during a vasectomy

Answer 31

a portion of the vas deferens near the epididymis is removed

Question 32

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 32

``` seminal vesicles (ejaculatory tube which produces fructose needed for energy and alkaline to neutralise female reproductive system 60% of semen), prostate gland (secretion assists sperm motility 25% of semen) bulbo-urethral glands (neutralises urine residue) ```

Question 33

what are the symptoms of prostate gland problems

Answer 33

increased frequency, nocturia (urination at night) urgency, weak stream

Question 34

what is prostetitus and how is it treated

Answer 34

inflamed prostate, acute treated with antibiotics and chronic treated with alpha blockers

Question 35

what is sperm made up of

Answer 35

spermatozoa (20-100 million per ml), seminal fluid and enzymes

Question 36

what is the urethra and what are the 3 parts called

Answer 36

the tube through which semen and urine flows. Prostatic part, membranous part and spongy part (passes through penis)

Question 37

what can effect sperm quality

Answer 37

low sperm count, poor morphology (defects), poor motility, inability to ejaculate

Question 38

what are the 3 parts of the penis

Answer 38

root, shaft (made up of corpora cavernosa - erectile tissue and bound by tunica albuginea), glans penis all 3 areas permeated by blood

Question 39

what is another name for the foreskin

Answer 39

prepuce

Question 40

what happens during an erection

Answer 40

arteries dilate (parasympathetic impulses, nitric oxide) corpora cavernosa and sorpus spongiosium become distended compression of veins

Question 41

what is the perineum

Answer 41

gooch! longer in men than women

Question 42

what is emission

Answer 42

the release of a small amount of seminal fluid before ejaculation.

Question 43

and what happens during emission and ejaculation

Answer 43

contractions of epididimal duct, vas deferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. during ejaculation contractions of bulbospongiosis muscle compress urethra

Question 44

when do testes descend

Answer 44

7-8 months (stimulated by testosterone)

Question 45

what is it called if testes fail to descend

Answer 45

cryptorchidism

Question 46

which lymph nodes do the testis drain into

Answer 46

para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 47

what does the inguinal canal make the abdomen susceptible to

Answer 47

hernia