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anatomy and physiology > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the male reproductive system

A

production of androgens (steroid hormones)
production, storage and nourishment of male gametes
introduction of male gametes into female reproductive tract

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2
Q

what divides the scrotum into 2 compartments

A

scrotal septum

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3
Q

what 5 things are the male reproductive systems divided into

A

testes, scrotum, ducts, glands and penis

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4
Q

what are the testies suspended by

A

the spermatic chord

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5
Q

where does the spermatic chord pass through

A

the inguinal canal to/from the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

what are the network of veins in the testis called

A

the testicular venous plexus (pampiniform plexus)

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7
Q

what are the 2 tissue layers of the testis called

A 
tunica vaginalis (thin serous outer layer, derived from peritoneum)
tunica albuginea (tough fiberous inner layer which divides each testis into lobules)
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8
Q

what are the highly coiled tubes within the testis called

A

seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

where does spermatogenesis take place

A

in the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

the walls of the seminiferous tubules are formed by what cells

A

sertoli cells

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11
Q

what do sertoli cells do

A

secrete nutrients for developing spermatozoa

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12
Q

what is mitosis

A

the division of a parent cell into 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical

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13
Q

what is meiosis

A

meiosis generates gametes which decreases the number of chromosomes

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14
Q

how many spermatids does 1 spermatocyte product

A

4

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15
Q

what are the 4 stages of spermatogenisis

A

mitosis, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, spermiogenesis (maturation)

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16
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the sperm called and what do they do

A

head - contains nucleus with DNA and acrosome (enzymes to break down female gamete)
middle piece - contains mitochondria for power
Tail (Flagellum) to swim

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17
Q

what is spermiogenesis

A

conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa

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18
Q

what are sertoli cells required for

A

maturation of spermatozoa
forms blood - testis barrier which keeps spermatozoa away from blood. If near blood their proteins on the surface would be detected by white blood cells and cause an immune response

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19
Q

what are leydig cells for

A

secretion of androgenic steroids (testosterone)

20
Q

what do sertoli cells excrete

A

Inhibin
Androgen-binding protein
Mullerian-inhibiting substance

21
Q

what does LH work on

A

leydig cells

22
Q

what does FSH work on

A

sertoli cells (stimulates spermatogenesis)

23
Q

where are leydig cells found and what do they secrete

A

found between seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone

24
Q

what muscles are responsible for drawing the testis closer to the body when cold

A

the cremaster and dartos muscles

25
Q

what cools down the testis when they get too warm

A

the testicular venous plexus (pampiniform plexus)

26
Q

where is the epididymis located

A

posterior surface of testis, continuous with the vas deferens

27
Q

what is the function of the epididymis

A

maturing and storing spermatozoa, absorb unused sperm

28
Q

what structure are the cells of the epididymis

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with microvilli

29
Q

what is the role of the vas deferens

A

to transport the spermatozoa though peristalsis

30
Q

where is the vas deferens located

A

ascends posterior to the testis along the spermatic chord, enters the abdominal cavity and through the inguinal canal

31
Q

what happens during a vasectomy

A

a portion of the vas deferens near the epididymis is removed

32
Q

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A 
seminal vesicles (ejaculatory tube which produces fructose needed for energy and alkaline to neutralise female reproductive system 60% of semen), 
prostate gland (secretion assists sperm motility 25% of semen) 
bulbo-urethral glands (neutralises urine residue)
33
Q

what are the symptoms of prostate gland problems

A

increased frequency, nocturia (urination at night) urgency, weak stream

34
Q

what is prostetitus and how is it treated

A

inflamed prostate, acute treated with antibiotics and chronic treated with alpha blockers

35
Q

what is sperm made up of

A

spermatozoa (20-100 million per ml), seminal fluid and enzymes

36
Q

what is the urethra and what are the 3 parts called

A

the tube through which semen and urine flows. Prostatic part, membranous part and spongy part (passes through penis)

37
Q

what can effect sperm quality

A

low sperm count, poor morphology (defects), poor motility, inability to ejaculate

38
Q

what are the 3 parts of the penis

A

root, shaft (made up of corpora cavernosa - erectile tissue and bound by tunica albuginea), glans penis
all 3 areas permeated by blood

39
Q

what is another name for the foreskin

A

prepuce

40
Q

what happens during an erection

A

arteries dilate (parasympathetic impulses, nitric oxide)
corpora cavernosa and sorpus spongiosium become distended
compression of veins

41
Q

what is the perineum

A

gooch! longer in men than women

42
Q

what is emission

A

the release of a small amount of seminal fluid before ejaculation.

43
Q

and what happens during emission and ejaculation

A

contractions of epididimal duct, vas deferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. during ejaculation contractions of bulbospongiosis muscle compress urethra

44
Q

when do testes descend

A

7-8 months (stimulated by testosterone)

45
Q

what is it called if testes fail to descend

A

cryptorchidism

46
Q

which lymph nodes do the testis drain into

A

para-aortic lymph nodes

47
Q

what does the inguinal canal make the abdomen susceptible to

A

hernia

anatomy and physiology (15 decks)

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