MALE INFERTILITY Flashcards
inability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy to birth
infertility
true or false - when a pregnancy did not occur after atleast 8 mos of unprotected sex
false - 12 mos / 1 year
- delay in conceiving
- have the potential to conceive but are just less able to conceive without additional help
sunfertility
types of subfertility - no previous conception
primary
types of subfertility - with previous viable pregnancy but the couple is unable to conceive at present
secondary
inability to conceive because of a known condiion, such as the absence of a uterus
sterility
factors of male infertility
- disturbance in spermatogenesis
- obstruction in the tubes, ducts, or vessels
- changes in seminal fluid preventiling sperm motility
- problems in ejaculation
refers to the number of sperm in a single ejculation or in a ML of semen
sperm count
minimum sperm count considered normal has:
___ sperm per ml of semila fluid
___ per ejaculation
___% of sperm are motile
___% are normal in shape and form
33-46 million
50 million
50%
30%
true or false - spermatozoa must pe maintianed slightly higher than body temp to become normal and fully motile
false - slightly lower than body temp
factors that lower sperm count
- any condition that increases body temp
- actions that increase scrotal heat
- congenital abnormalities
varicosity of the spermatic vein
varicocele
undescended testes
cryptochidism
conditions that inhibit sperm production
- trauma to testes
- surgery near testes
- endocrine imbalances
- drug / alcohol use
- environemental factors
- exposure to xrays / radioactive
- obstruction at any point along the pathway
- mumps, epididymitis, tubal infection (gonorrhea, ascending urethral infection)
obstruction / imapired sperm motility
opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis
hypospadias
opening of the urethra is on top of the penis
epispadias
formaerly called importence or inability to achieve erection
erectile dysfunction
ejaculation problems result from:
psychological problems
debilitating diseases
management of ejaculation problems
- psychological / sexual counselling
- sildenafil (viagra)
- ejacultaion before penetration
- often attributed to psychological causes
- adolescents may exprience it until they become more exprienced in sexual techniques
premature ejaculation
genital abnormalities to check in physical assessment
absence of vascular deference
presence of undescended testes
collection of fluid in the tunical vaginalis of the scrotum
hydrocele
semen analysis - how many days of sexual abstinence should a man do before masturbation for collection of specimen
2-4 days
how long the viability of ejaculated sperm for semen analysis
1 hour
semen analysis may need to be repeated after ___
2-3 months
___ days is needed for new sperm to reach maturity
30-90
used to determine whether a man’s sperm, once they reach as ovum, can penetrate effectively
sperm penetration assay and anti sperm antibody testing
in increasing sperm count and motility, the nurse should advise man to abstain from coitus for ___ days at a time
7-10
a surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) while preserving the uterus
myomectomy
a procedure to unblock blocked fallopian tubes, aiding in female infertility, by using catheters to clear blockages and restore normal function
canalization of fallopia tube
