FEMALE INFERTILITY Flashcards
- absence of ovulation
anovulation
- hypogonadism
- no ovaries to produce ova
turner’s syndrome
- disrupts the hormonal balance crucial for ovulation and menstruation
- these specific hormones play a vital role in the release of eggs from the ovaries, and low levels can impair this process, leading to anovulation
hypothyroidism
symptoms of PCOS
- waist 35 in
- fasting blood glucose > 100mg/dl
- serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dl
- BP >135/85 mmHg
- HDL <50 mg/dl
- infection of the pelvic organ
- uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, supporting structures
pelvic inflammatory disease
rare causes of infertility:
tumors, congenitally deformed uterine cavity
- poor secretion of estrogen or progesterone from the ovary
- uterus tissue grows outside of the uterus
endometriosis
infertility factors - anovulation
- genetic abn
- hormonal imbalance
- ovarian tumors
- stress
- decreased wt
- pcos
- exposure to xrays
- general ill health
- poor diet
infetility factors - cervical problems
- thick cervical mucus
- stenoic cervical os or obstruction of the os by a polyp
- cervical conization
infertility factors - vaginal problems
- infection of the vagina
- sperm-immobilizing or sperm-agglutinating antibodies
no known cause for subfertility
unexplained subfertility
if a woman is younger than 35, have an evaluation after ___ year of subfertility
1 year
if a woman is older then 35 years, have an evaluatoin after ___ mos of subfertility
6 mos
recording of basal temp
basal body temperature recording
at time of ___, basal temp can be seen to dip slightly (about 0.5 F)
ovulation
the basal body temp should rise to a level not higher then normal body temp, and remains there for ___ days before next flow
3-4 days
- detects the LH surge, allowing you to accurately predict when you will ovulate
ovulation determination by test strip
a ___ result on an ovulation test mean that the woman will most likely bcome fertile over the next 3 days
positive
the ovulation test strip is to determine whether she has adequate ___ to stimulate egg growth
FSH
woman’s rsult is available in ___ mins, the man in ___ minutes
30; 90
true or false - it is ok to use the test strip in the middle of your mestrual cycle
false
- inspect uterus for abnormalities (septal deviation, myoma)
- done at any time during the cycle
sonohysterography
- schedule immediately after a menstrual flow
- containdicated if there is infection of vagina, cervix, or uterus
hysterosalpingography
- used to reveal an endometrial problem such as luteal phase defect
- done for 2-3 days before the expected flow
uterine endometrial biopsy
evaluate uterine adhesions or other abnormalities that were discovered on hysterosalpingogram
hysteroscopy
- scheduled during the follicular phase
- to examine the position and status of fallopain tubes and ovaries
laparoscopy
- infections that tends to recur
- requires close supervision and follow up
trichomoniasis and moniliasis
given to stimulate the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn regulate the ovaries and the production of sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone
GnRH
used to induce ovulation (egg production) in women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wish to become pregnant (infertility)
clomiphene citrate (clomid)
- a fertility drug used to treat fertility issues in women, especially women who are anovular and oligoovular.
- is considered a menotropin, which is a mixture of follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
pergonal
is used to treat symptoms of hyperprolactinemia (high levels of a natural substance called prolactin in the body) including lack of menstrual periods, discharge from the nipples, infertility (difficulty becoming pregnant) and hypogonadism
parlodel
- used in hormone therapy to increase mucus production during days 5-10 of the cycle
conjugated estrogen - premarin
progesterone - endometrin
if with luteral phase defect, hormone therapy is begun on the ___ day of the temp rise and continued for ___ weeks or until there is flow
3rd day
6 weeks
a therapeutic technique that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves or sound waves to generate deep heat within tissues
diathermy
sperm is instilled into the cervix
intracervical insemination
sperm is directly instilled into the uterus
intrauterine insemination
a fertility treatment where eggs are retrieved from a woman’s ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a lab, and then the fertilized eggs (embryos) are transferred to the uterus to establish a pregnancy
in vitro fetrilization
indications of IVF
- blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- man has oligospermia
- absence of mucus
- antisperm anitbodies
- unexplained subfertility
sperm and eggs are placed in a fallopian tube to allow fertilization in the natural site. the women must have at least one normal, open fallopain tube
gamete intrafallopian transfer
- eggs and sperm are collected
- the collected sperm is combied with eggs
- embyros are inserted directly into the fallopain tubes
zygote intrafallopian transfer
- involves the use of an oocyte that has been donated by a friend or relative or provided by an anonymous donor
- cycles of the donor and recipeint are synchronized by administration of gonadotropic hormones
surrogate embyro transfer
after the oocytes are fertilized in IVF and ZIFT, the DNA of borth sperm and oocytes can be examines for specific genetic abn such as down syndrome or hemophilia
preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- a woman who agrees to carry a pregnancy to term for a subfertile couple
- often friends or family members who assume the role out of friendship or compassion
surrogate mother
alternatives to childbirth
- adoption
- child-free living
