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PATHPROS > MALE GENITAL TRACT > Flashcards

MALE GENITAL TRACT Flashcards

Testis & Prosate

1
Q

Fluid within the tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

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2
Q

epididymal cyst containing sperm.

Transillumination positive

A

Spermatocele

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3
Q

Most likely primary malignancy to metastasize to this site in males?

A

Adenocarcinoma prostate

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4
Q

Sites of local extension of prostatic carcinoma

A

periprostatic tissue, seminal vesicles, and the base of the urinary bladder

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5
Q

Clinical features of prostatic carcinoma

A

difficulty in starting or stopping the stream,

dysuria

frequency

hematuria

back pain

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6
Q

5 complications of cryptorchidism

A
  1. Sterility
  2. Trauma
  3. Inguinal hernia
  4. Testicular cancer
  5. Torsion
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7
Q

A hydrocele can be distinguished from a true testicular mass by which simple clinical exam?

A

Transillumination

Hydrocele is transillumination positive, true solid testicular mass is transillumination negative

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8
Q

Male , 22 years old, mass in rght inguinal canal, empty scrotum on right side. Best surgical treatment?

A

Orchidectomy

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9
Q

enzyme elevated with bone metastasis of prostate carcinoma

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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10
Q

4 causes for testicular atrophy

A
  1. cryptorchidism
  2. liver cirrhosis/failure
  3. Klinefelter Syndrome
  4. prolonged administration of antiandrogens
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11
Q

1.What’s the diagnosis?

Germ cell tumor

3rd decade

cKIT positive

A
  1. Seminoma
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12
Q

1. Diagnosis?

Dragging sensation

Aching pain in scrotum

Visible bag of worms appearance

2. Complication

A

1. Varicocele

2. Infertility

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13
Q

Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia/Prostate carcinoma?

A

Prostatic hyperplasia

Note how Well-defined nodules of BPH compress the urethra into a slitlike lumen

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14
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

fever, chills, and dysuria

Per rectal exam- tender, boggy prostate

A

Acute bacterial prostatitis

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15
Q

Name 1 cause for left sided varicocele

A

Renal cell ca invading renal vein

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16
Q

1. Diagnosis?

20-30 years

testicular mass

variegated, hemorrhage and necrosis

Positive for CD 30

2. Describe the microscopic pattern

A
  1. Embryonal carcinoma

2. Sheets of blue cells trying to form primitive tubules.

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17
Q

Mechanism of this condition

A

Incompetent venous valves leading to backflow of blood and pooling

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18
Q

Fusion gene present in 50% of prostatic carcinomas

A

TMPRSS2-ETS

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19
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

  1. history of recurrent urinary tract infections
  2. low back pain, dysuria, and perineal and suprapubic discomfort
  3. Leukocytosis - prostatic secretions
  4. positive bacterial cultures
A

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

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20
Q

Variant of seminoma occuring in the elderly with excellent prognosis?

A

Spermatocytic seminoma

21
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

most common

no history of recurrent urinary tract infection.

Expressed prostatic secretions - more than 10 leukocytes per high-power field

Negative bacterial cultures

A

chronic abacterial prostatitis

22
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

Testicular mass

Gross appearance: golden brown, homogeneous cut surface

Sexual precocity if in adolescents, gynecomastia if in adults

A

Leydig cell tumor

23
Q

Prostatic Carcinoma/ Prostatic hyperplasia?

Crowded, well-defined gland patterns lined by a single uniform layer of cuboidal or low columnar epithelium, amphophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei and nucleoli

A

Prostatic carcinoma

24
Q
  1. Most common testicular tumor in men >age 60
  2. Which particular subtype is it?
A
  1. Testicular lymphoma
  2. non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large cell type
25
Q

System used for grading Prostatic cancers

A

Gleason

26
Q

mc location for nodular prostatic hyperplasia

A

Central & Transitional zone

27
Q

Testicular tumor that secretes androgens

A

Leydig cell tumor

28
Q

mc location of prostatic carcinomas

A

peripheral zone

29
Q

Diagnosis?

  1. marked hyalinization and thickening of the basement membrane of the spermatic tubules
  2. Prominent Leydig cells
  3. increase in interstitial stroma
A

Cryptorchidism

30
Q

Cause for Acute epididymitis in age <35

A

N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis

31
Q

Germ cell tumor

3rd decade

cKIT positive

What’s the gross appearance of this tumor?

A

homogenous gray white lobulated cut surface, bulky

32
Q

Carcinoma/ Hyperplasia of prostate?

A

Adenocarcinoma prostate

33
Q

Cause for chronic epididymitis

A

TB

34
Q

Testicular mass - small palpable nodule, hemorrhage, necrosis

Germ cell tumor

1. Tumor marker ?

2. 2 types of cells seen on microscopy in this tumor

A
  1. Human chorionic gonadotropin
  2. syncytiotrophoblastic cells

cytotrophoblastic cells

35
Q

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia/ Prostatic carcinoma

  1. Proliferation of glands and fibromuscular stroma
  2. aggregations of small to large to cystically dilated glands lined by two layers of cells, an inner columnar layer and an outer layer of cuboidal or flattened epithelium
  3. papillary infolding
  4. corpora amylacea
A

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia

36
Q

Most important risk factor for testicular tumors

A

Cryptorchidism

37
Q

Cause for acute epididymitis in age >35

A

E. coli or Pseudomonas.

38
Q

1. DIagnosis?

Sudden onset of testicular pain, no istory of antecedent trauma, young male

  1. What’s the mechanism for this condition?
A

1. Torsion

  1. Twisting of the spermatic cord—-> impaired venous drainage with patent arteries—–> hemorrhagic infarction.

This twist occurssecondary to a bilateral anatomic defect where the testis has increased mobility

39
Q

Osteoblastic / osteolytic?

A

Osteoblastic

Note: osteoblastic= radio opaque

osteolytic= radiolucent

40
Q

presumptive precursor lesion for prostatic carcinoma

A

high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

41
Q

Carcinoma/ hyperplasia?

A

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

42
Q

Name 1 cause for Blockade of right spermatic vein

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

43
Q

Leydig cell tumor belongs to which category of testicular tumors?

A

Sex cord stromal tumors

44
Q

Male infant presenting with cryptorchidism before age 1. What’s the best surgical treatment?

A

Orchiopexy

45
Q

List 7 complications of nodular hyperplasia of prostate

A
  1. urinary tract infection
  2. urinary bladder trabeculation
  3. diverticula formation
  4. hydronephrosis
  5. renal failure
  6. acute urinary retention
  7. overflow incontinence
46
Q

Tumor marker?

Gross: non encapsulated, homogenous yellow white mucinous mass

Microscopy: reticular network of medium sized flat or cuboidal cells; eosinophilic, hyaline-like globules

A

Alpha fetoprotein

47
Q
  1. Name 1 condition with sudden onset of testicular pain and fever
  2. Causative organism
A
  1. Orchitis
  2. Mumps
48
Q

Germ cell tumor

disorganized collection of glands, cartilage, smooth muscle, and immature stroma

A

Teratoma

49
Q

dilated veins in the spermatic cord

A

Varicocele

PATHPROS (36 decks)

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