Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PATHPROS > MALE GENITAL TRACT > Flashcards

MALE GENITAL TRACT Flashcards

Penis, Testis & Prosate

1
Q

Most likely primary malignancy to metastasize to this site (see image) in males?

A

Adenocarcinoma prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 complications of cryptorchidism

A
  1. Sterility
  2. Trauma
  3. Inguinal hernia
  4. Testicular cancer
  5. Torsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A hydrocele can be distinguished from a true testicular mass by which simple clinical exam?

A

Transillumination

Hydrocele is transillumination positive, true solid testicular mass is transillumination negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Male, 22 years old, mass in right inguinal canal, empty scrotum on right side. Best surgical treatment?

A

Orchidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

enzyme elevated with bone metastasis of prostate carcinoma

A

Alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 causes for testicular atrophy

A
  1. cryptorchidism
  2. liver cirrhosis/failure
  3. Klinefelter Syndrome
  4. prolonged administration of antiandrogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1.What’s the diagnosis?

Germ cell tumor

3rd decade

cKIT positive

A
  1. Seminoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1. Diagnosis?

Dragging sensation

Aching pain in scrotum

Visible bag of worms appearance

2. Complication

A

1. Varicocele

2. Infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia/Prostate carcinoma?

A

Prostatic hyperplasia

Note how well-defined nodules of BPH compress the urethra into a slitlike lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 1 cause for left sided varicocele

A

Renal cell carcinoma invading the left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1. Diagnosis?

20-30 years

testicular mass

variegated, hemorrhage and necrosis

Positive for OCT3/4, CK positive, increased hCG and normal AFP

2. Describe the microscopic pattern

A
  1. Embryonal carcinoma

2. Sheets of blue cells trying to form primitive tubules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mechanism of this condition

A

Incompetent venous valves leading to backflow of blood and pooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variant of seminoma occuring in the elderly with excellent prognosis?

A

Spermatocytic seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prostatic Carcinoma/ Prostatic hyperplasia?

Smal, crowded, well-defined gland patterns lined by a single uniform layer of cuboidal or low columnar epithelium, amphophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei and nucleoli

A

Prostatic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Most common primary testicular tumor in men >age 60?
  2. Which particular subtype is it?
A
  1. Testicular lymphoma
  2. non-Hodgkin lymphoma- diffuse large cell type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

System used for grading Prostatic cancers

A

Gleason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common location for nodular prostatic hyperplasia

A

Central & Transitional zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most common location of prostatic carcinomas

A

peripheral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagnosis?

  1. marked hyalinization and thickening of the basement membrane of the spermatic tubules
  2. Prominent Leydig cells
  3. absent spermatogenesis
A

Cryptorchidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Germ cell tumor

3rd decade

cKIT positive, CK negative

What’s the gross appearance of this tumor?

A

homogenous gray white lobulated cut surface, bulky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carcinoma/ Hyperplasia of prostate?

A

Adenocarcinoma prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Testicular mass - small palpable nodule, hemorrhage, necrosis
Germ cell tumor
Markedly elevated hcG

1. Diagnosis?
2. 2 types of cells seen on microscopy in this tumor

A
  1. Choriocarcinoma
  2. syncytiotrophoblastic cells and
    cytotrophoblastic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia/ Prostatic carcinoma

  1. Proliferation of glands and fibromuscular stroma
  2. aggregations of small to large to cystically dilated glands lined by two layers of cells, an inner columnar layer and an outer layer of cuboidal or flattened epithelium
  3. papillary infolding
  4. corpora amylacea
A

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia

24
Q

Most important risk factor for testicular tumors

A

Cryptorchidism

25
**Osteoblastic / osteolytic?**
**Osteoblastic** Note: osteoblastic= radio opaque osteolytic= radiolucent
26
presumptive precursor lesion for prostatic carcinoma
high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
27
Name 1 cause for blockade of right spermatic vein
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
28
**Tumor marker?** Gross: non encapsulated, homogenous yellow white mucinous mass Microscopy: reticular network of medium sized flat or cuboidal cells; eosinophilic, hyaline-like globules
Alpha fetoprotein
29
Germ cell tumor disorganized collection of glands, cartilage, smooth muscle, and immature stroma
Teratoma
30
dilated veins in the spermatic cord
Varicocele
31
Embryologic basis?
failure of the urethral folds to close partially or completely | Dioagnosis: Hypospadias
32
3 physical findings associated with hypospadias
Dorsal hooded prepuce Abnormal penile curvature-chordee Appearance of 2 urethral openings
33
****Is this Bowen disease or Bowenoid papulosis? * Associated with HPV 16, Older male * Solitary, thickened, gray-white ,opaque plaque * Dysplastic squamous cells
Bowen disease
34
****Is this Bowen disease or Bowenoid papulosis? * Associated iwth HPV 16, sexually active young male * Multiple, reddish brown papular lesion * Dysplastic squamous cells
Bowenoid papulosis
35
Risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma
cigarette smoking, high risk HPV infection, poor genital hygiene
36
most common histologic subtype of penile carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
37
Hormone levels in cryptorchidism
elevated FSH, Normal LH, reduced inhibin B
38
1 complication of varicocele
infertility
39
Hormone levels in Klinefelter syndrome
decreased testosterone, increased LH, Increased FSH and estradiol, reduced serum inhibin.
40
Cause of male hypogonadism in Klinefelter syndrome
Testosterone cannot interact with androgen receptors as the Xchromosome with the smallest number of CAG repeats is preferentially inactivated,
41
**Diagnosis?** * gynecomastia, female pattern of distribution of pubic hair * micropenis, small, firm testes, * infertility, absent secondary sex characteristics. * Eunuchoid body habitus with disproportionately long legs * Mean IQ lower than normal * 47XXY karyotype
Klinefelter syndrome
42
**Diagnosis?** * unilateral posterior scrotal pain * fever, dysuria * elevating the scrotum relives pain * Normal cremasteric reflex
Acute epididymitis
43
Inflammation of testis - 4 causes
Mumps- can lead to infertitlity TB Syphilis Autoimmune orchitis
44
**Diagnosis?** * sudden onset testicular pain * cremasteric reflex absent * elevating the scrotum does not relieve pain * high drawn testis
Testicular torsion
45
Anatomic basis for torsion testis
inadequate fixation of lower pole of testis to tunica vaginalis
46
Pathophysiology of torsion testis
twisting of spermatic cord--> impaired venous drainage with patent arteries --> hemorrhagic infarction
47
Pattern of infarction in torsion testis
Hemorrhagic (red) infarction
48
Most frequent site of metastasis for seminoma
para-aortic lymph nodes
49
Most common manifestation of metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma
Hemoptysis (lungs)
50
Major risk factor for BPH
DHT levels, advancing age.
51
2 causes for bladder outlet obstruction in BPH
* enlarged prostate surrounding the prostatic urethra * increased prostatic urethral resistance
52
Underlying basis for urgency and frequency of micturition in BPH
Detrusor instability
53
Underlying basis for decreased force of urinary stream, hesitancy, intermittency, increased residual urine in BPH
Decreased detrusor contractility
54
Cause of renal failure in BPH
Enlarged prostate--> obstruction-->bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis--> post-renal azotemia
55
What is this finding called?
**Perineural invasion** is defined as malignant glands circumferentially enclosing or surrounding a nerve. It is seen in approximately 20% of prostate needle biopsies with cancer. 
56
How does prostatic carcinoma metastasize to the axial skeleton?
Batson venous plexus (hematogenous spread)

PATHPROS (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions