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PATHPROS > ACUTE & CHRONIC INFLAMMATION- 1 > Flashcards

ACUTE & CHRONIC INFLAMMATION- 1 Flashcards

Covers Acute Inflammation -PowerPoints part 1 and 2

1
Q

Identify the mediator responsible for all of the following actions

intense vasoconstriction,bronchospasm (important in asthma), increased perme­ability of venules.

A

LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4

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2
Q

Major cytokine responsible for induction of the acute phase response

A

IL-6

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3
Q

Identify the substance , based on its function described and the WBC that produces it

cytotoxic to helminths

A

Substance: Major Basic protein

Produced by: Eosinophils

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4
Q

Identify the substance , based on its function described and the WBC that produces it

binds iron that is necessary for normal bacterial growth and reproduction

A

Substance: Lactoferrin

Produced by: Neutrophil granules

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5
Q

What’s the most likely underlying mechanism for the fluid having characteristics described below?

protein rich

cellular

specific gravity >1.020

A

The fluid exhibits characteristic features of an exudate. Mechanism: increase in the normal permeability of small blood vessels in an area of injury

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6
Q

Identify the condition described and its basis

  • Increased susceptibility to catalase positive organisms - ( S.aureus, E.coli, Aspergillus)
  • Negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test
  • Abnormal dihydrorhodamine (flow cytometry) test (reduced green fluorescence).
  • Decrease ROS and absent respiratory burst
A

Condition: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Basis: Lack of NADPH oxidase

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7
Q

family of proteins that mediate initial rolling interactions

A

Selectins

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8
Q

Exudate or transudate?

protein rich

cellular

specific gravity >1.020

A

Exudate

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9
Q

How do you distinguish between Chronic granulomatous disease due to NADPH oxidase deficiency from MPO deficiency?

A
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10
Q

Exudate or transudate?

  1. Effusion protein/serum protein ratio lesser than 0.5
  2. Effusion lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum LDH ratio lesser than 0.6
  3. Effusion LDH level lesser than two-thirds the upper limit of the laboratory’s reference range of serum LDH
A

Transudate

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11
Q

Identify the mediator

stimulates the contraction of uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and small arterioles

A

PGF2α

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12
Q

List 2 examples of transudate occuring due to decreased oncotic pressure

A

Cirrhosis

Nephrotic Syndrome

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13
Q

Which cell adhesion molecule mediates the process depicted in the attached image?

A

PECAM 1 (aka CD31 ie. cluster of differentiation 31)

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14
Q

List 4 conditions characterized by exudate formation

A

Infections

Inflammation

Malignancy

Trauma

Collagen vascular disease

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15
Q

3 mechanisms of increased vascular permeability

A

a. Contraction of endothelial cells resulting in increased interendothelial spaces
b. Endothelial injury, resulting in endothelial cell necrosis and detachment.
c. Transcytosis

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16
Q

LAD-1 OR LAD-2?

absence of sialyl-Lewis X

NO DELAYED DETACHMENT OF UMBILICAL CORD

NEUTROPHILIC LEUKOCYTOSIS

A

LAD-2

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17
Q

Give one word that best fits the description:

  1. Painful, enlarged lymph nodes
  2. Inflammed lymphatic channnels visible as red streaks over skin
A
  1. Lymphadenitis
  2. Lymphangitis
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18
Q

Exudate or transudate?

protein poor

hypocellular

specific gravity <1.012

A

Transudate

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19
Q

Type of leukocyte most likley to predominate in :

a. 6-24 hours
b. 24-48 hours

A

a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes

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20
Q

Exudate or transudate?

  1. Effusion protein/serum protein ratio greater than 0.5
  2. Effusion lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6
  3. Effusion LDH level greater than two-thirds the upper limit of the laboratory’s reference range of serum LDH
A

Exudate

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21
Q

List examples of the morphologic pattern of inflammation depicted in the attached image

A

Pattern: Ulcer

Examples: Duodenal Ulcer, Peptic ulcer

22
Q

class of adhesion molecules that mediate firm adhesion

A

Integrins

23
Q

List examples of the morphologic pattern of inflammation depicted in the attached image

A

Pattern: Suppurative/Purulent Inflammation

Examples: Lung abscess, acute appendicitis

24
Q

Where is P- selectin expressed?

A

a. Wiebel-Palade bodies on the surface of platelets
b. Endothelial cells

25
Q

Which process is characterized by the following sequence of steps?

  1. recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested by the leukocyte
  2. its engulfment, with subsequent formation of a phagocytic vacuole
  3. killing or degradation of the ingested material
A

Phagocytosis

26
Q

List the 3 events occuring within the lumen during the process of extravasation

A

margination, rolling, and adhesion to endothelium

27
Q

List 1 example of a transudate occuring due to increased hydrostatic pressure

A

Congestive heart failure

28
Q

Identify the condition and its basis

  1. Progressive neurodegeneration
  2. Lymphohistiocytosis
  3. Albinism (partial)
  4. peripheral Neuropathy
  5. recurrent pyogenic Infections by Staph and Strep
  6. Giant granules seen in platelets
A

Condition: Chediak Higashi Syndrome

**_Basis:_** Defect in lysosomal trafficking
regulator gene (LYST).

microtubule dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion

29
Q

List examples of the morphologic pattern of inflammation depicted in the attached image

A

Pattern: Fibrinous Inflammation

Example: Fibrinous pericarditis

30
Q

List 4 endogenous chemoatrractants

A

Mnemonic : CILK

C - C5a
I - IL-8
L - Leukotriene B4
K - Kallikrein

31
Q

Give 1 word that best fits the description provided:

Purulent exudate

A

Pus

32
Q

Mediators of vasodilatation

A

Histamine, Nitric oxide

33
Q

Identify the mediator

vasodilator

potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation

A

PGI2 (prostacyclin)

34
Q

Ligands for P-selectin and E-selectin?

A

(Sialyl-Lewis-X) sialylated oligosaccharides bound to mucin like glycoprotein backbones.

35
Q

Identify the mediator

potent platelet-aggregating agent

vasoconstrictor

A

TxA2 (thromboxane A2)

36
Q

Give one word that best fits the description provided:

process of leukocyte redistribution in inflammation wherein white cells assume a peripheral position along the endothelial surface due to stasis and decrease in wall shear stress

A

Margination

37
Q

Type of leukocyte likely to predominate in :

a. Viral Infections
b. Hypersensitivity reactions

A

a. Lymphocytes
b. Eosinophils

38
Q

Identify the mediator responsible for all of the following actions:

  1. Causes fever, acute inflammation.
  2. Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules.
  3. Induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs
A

Interleukin-1

39
Q

Give one word that best fits this description

The process wherein leukocytes emigrate in tissues toward the site of injury along a chemical gradient

A

Chemotaxis

40
Q

Give 1 word that best fits the description provided:

escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities

A

Exudation

41
Q

Name the mediator that increases vascular permeability and causes contraction of smooth muscle, dilation of blood vessels, and pain when injected into the skin.

A

Bradykinin

42
Q

Identify the mediator responsible for all of the following actions:

a. Endothelial activation
b. Together with IL-1 and Il-6, induces systemic acute phase response
c. Activation of leukocytes

A

Tumor necrosis factor-α

43
Q

Exudate or transudate?

  1. Effusion protein/serum protein ratio lesser than 0.5
  2. Effusion lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6
  3. Effusion LDH level greater than two-thirds the upper limit of the laboratory’s reference range of serum LDH
A

Exudate

44
Q

3 outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  1. Complete resolution
  2. Organization
  3. Chronic Inflammation
45
Q

Components of complement that stimulate histamine release from mast cells

A

C3a and C5a

aka anaphylatoxins

46
Q

List examples of the morphologic pattern of inflammation depicted in the attached image

A

Pattern: Pseudomebranous

Examples: Pseudomembranous colitis

Diphtheria

47
Q

List examples of the morphologic pattern of inflammation depicted in the attached image

A

Pattern: Serous Inflammation

Examples: blisters in second-degree burns; viral pleuritis

48
Q

What’s the most likely underlying mechanism for the fluid having characteristics described below?

protein poor

hypocellular

specific gravity <1.012

A

The fluid exhibits characteristic features of an transudate. Mechanism: osmotic or hydrostatic imbalance across the vessel wall without an increase in vascular permeability

49
Q

Ligand for the following integrins?

a. LFA-1, MAC-1 (Beta 2 integrins)
b. VLA-4 (Beta 1 integrins)

A

a. ICAM-1
b. VCAM-1

50
Q

LAD-1 OR LAD-2?

defect in the biosynthesis of the β2 chain shared by the LFA-1 and Mac-1 integrins

Delayed detachment of the umbilical cord

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

A

LAD-1

PATHPROS (36 decks)

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