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PATHPROS > CELL INJURY, ADAPTATIONS AND DEATH - 2 > Flashcards

CELL INJURY, ADAPTATIONS AND DEATH - 2 Flashcards

Covers ppts - Part 3 and 4 i.e. Cell Death , Intracellular accumulations and Cell death

1
Q

List the Anti-apoptotic proteins

Location?

How do they prevent cell death?

A

Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Mcl-1

reside in the cytoplasm and in mitochondrial membranes

control mitochondrial permeability

prevent leakage of mitochondrial proteins that have the ability to trigger cell death

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2
Q

Mitochondrial protein whose release triggers activation of caspases

A

cytochrome c

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3
Q

The 2 kinases involved in necroptosis

A

receptor associated kinase 1 and 3 (RIP 1 & 3)

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4
Q

List 3 examples of physiologic apoptosis occuring due to Shrinkage of hormone-dependent tissue after withdrawal of the hormone

A
  1. endometrial cell breakdown during the menstrual cycle
  2. ovarian follicular atresia in menopause
  3. regression of the lactating breast after weaning
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5
Q

Name 3 organs likely to exhibit the same pattern of infarction as shown in the attached image

A

Spleen, heart and kidney

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6
Q

Pattern of necrosis wherein the architecture of dead tissues is preserved for a span of at least some days

A

Coagulative necrosis

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7
Q

Release of which biologically active cytokine is repsonsible for pyroptosis

A

Interleukin-1

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8
Q

Etiology of coagulative necrosis

A

Can occur due to ischemia caused by obstruction in a vessel

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9
Q

Identify the pattern of necrosis shown in the attached image

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

(Bright pink and amorphous)

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10
Q

Column B represents?

A

Apoptosis

a ladder pattern is seen due to the action of calcium and magnesium dependent endonucleases that cleave DNA at internucleosomal linker regions which occur at 180 base pair intervals in the genome.

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11
Q

See attached image.

Necrosis or apoptosis?

A

Necrosis

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12
Q

Give 1 word that best fits the description below:

“caspase-independent” programmed necrosis

A

necroptosis

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13
Q

1 example of Enzymatic fat necrosis

A

Acute pancreatitis

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14
Q

Identify the process resulting in the appearance shown in the attached image

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

See the attached image. What is the underlying basis for its occurence?

A

Incomplete or defective apoptosis is responsible for syndactyly

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16
Q

Caspase that is activated in the extrinsic pathway

A

Caspase 8

17
Q

See description below and identify whether it is Neccrosis or apoptosis

Reduced cell size

Fragmentation of nucleus into nucleosome sized fragments

Intact plasma membrane

Intact cellular contents

No surrounding inflammation

A

Apoptosis

18
Q

List 2 conditions assoc with liquefactive necrosis

A

a. focal bacterial or, occasionally, fungal infections
b. Hypoxic death of cells within the CNS

19
Q

Caspase that is activated in the intrinsic pathway

A

Caspase 9

20
Q

4 conditions assoc with fibrinoid necrosis

A
  1. Immune mediated vasculitis –eg: Henoch Schonlein purpura, PAN
  2. Malignant hypertension
  3. Preeclampsia
  4. Hyperacute transplant rejection
21
Q

How are apoptotic bodies made edible for phagocytes?

A
  1. secrete soluble factors that recruit phagocytes
  2. express thrombospondin
  3. coated with natural antibodies and proteins of the complement system
22
Q

Process by which apoptotic cells are cleared

A

Phagocytosis

23
Q

Pattern of necrosis characterized by digestion of the dead cells, resulting in transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass

A

Liquefactive necrosis

24
Q

Most likely etiology of caseous necrosis

A

Tuberculosis

25
Q

Name 2 tissues commonly affected by Traumatic fat necrosis

A

female breast tissue, abdomen

26
Q

Identify the pattern of necrosis described:

Development of superimposed bacterial infection in a limb that is ischemic

A

Wet gangrene

27
Q

Give 1 word that best describes the following:

localized area of coagulative necrosis

A

Infarct

28
Q

Column C represents?

A

Necrosis

Diffuse smearing of DNA is noted

29
Q

See the attached image. What would be the most likley gross appearance of the lung?

A

“caseous” (cheeselike) - friable white

30
Q
  1. Gross appearance of the pancreas in fat necrosis due to acute pancreatitis
  2. What is the cause of the gross appearance?
A
  1. chalky yellow-white areas in the peripancreatic fat
  2. Fat saponification
31
Q

Microscopic description of caseation on light microscopy

A

acellular and granular

usually located in the center of a granuloma

PATHPROS (36 decks)

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