Macromolecules Lect. 4 Flashcards

Question

Dehydration Sythesis and Hydroplysis

Answer 1

Dehydration is the removal of water which creates bonds and froms new molecules while hydrolysis is adding water and the bonds link amino acids are broken by this water

Answer 2

Primary Secondary Teritary Quatenary

Answer 3

Amino acid sequence is a polypeptide that forms a secodonary structure. The primary chain forms alpha helixes and beta sheets (sprials) due to the weakened interactions between amino groups of hydrogens.

Answer 4

When the interactions between polypetide chains surround water, it will begin to coil and fold up. The proteins 3D shape takes place due to the cystine which binds itself forming cross linkages as well as the R-group interactions. These coils are premanent.

Answer 5

Sickle Cell Amenia: 1 amino group affected Misfolded Protein (jackob diease) Primary Structure: valine is replaced by guanine a less soluble one

Answer 6

Fibrous form extended sheets of strands that are tough, insoluble Globular proteins are compact, soluble proteins , such as enzymes , hormones and they move quickly

Answer 7

Proteins that catalyze reactions by weakening bonds which lowers the activation energy of a reaction. They have an active site which have substrates that bind to them.

Answer 8

Specific: each enzyme catalyst one reaction type Saturation limits: rate of enzyme reaction is directly proportional to substrates and enzymes Regulation: cell contains enzymes that can be turned on and off , change shape Denatured enzymes are caused by ph change and temperature

Answer 9

Enzymes are a protein that catalyizes reactions by weakening bonds which lowers the activation energy of the reaction. The reactants are the substrates in these reactions which bind to the active site. Bond is formed storing the energy and water is released, the product is created and the substrate is released.

Answer 10

Specific: each enzyme catalyzes one reaction type Saturation limit: the rate of enzyme reaction is directly proportional to the substrate and enzyme Regulation: each cell contain enzymes that can be turned on and off by a change in shape Denaturation of an enzyme is caused by the pH and temperature

Answer 11

Cofactors (change sturcture) are ions that are not proteins, organic and bind before substrate. Co enzymes are non protein molecules, that are organic.

Answer 12

Glycoproteins are large protein that have a small carbohydrate group Proteoglycans are a large polysaccharide linked with polypeptide bonds. Subclass of glycoproteins; the carbohydrate group contains polysaccahride amino groups

Answer 13

The largest organic molecule , two types are DNA and RNA

Answer 14

Deoxyribose nucleic acids determine the inherited characteristics, body structure, protein synthesis, cellular metabolism Contain a phosphate backbone DNA has a deoxyribose sugar RNA carries out the DNA, makes proteins and carries out protein synthesis. Has a ribose sugar

Answer 15

Phosphate group attached to a pentose and nitrogenous bases

Answer 16

Dehydration Syethesis connects the pentose of a nucleotide with the phosphate of another.

Answer 17

Known as complementary paring; DNA: Adenine --> thymine Cytosine--> Guanine RNA: Adenine--> Uracil Connected via weak hydrogen bonding Pyramides: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil Pyrites: Adenine and Guanine LARGER

Answer 18

1. DNA is double helix structure and RNA is single stranded 2. DNA contains thymine, RNA contains Uracil 3. DNA coodirnates most of the functions while RNA follows and carries instructions out 4. DNA is in the nucleus, RNA in the cytoplasm 5. DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA has ribose sugar

Answer 19

Created through phosphorylation, one phosphate is added to ADP which stores the energy in its bonds. This is key to ATP making energy. ADP + phosphate+ energy --> ATP and water Bonds are unstable