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BIO Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

heart

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3
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the body

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4
Q

What is Physiology

A

Defined as the study of the body’s function

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5
Q

Principle of Complementary Structure and Function

A

States that the body will build something specific to do a certain function. What a structure looks like is defined by its function and vise versa.

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6
Q

Gross Anatomical branches

A
  • Surface
    -Regional (deep)
    -Systemic
    -Developmental (conception)
    -Clinical
    Studies the genereal form and focus on specific areas
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7
Q

Microscopic

A

Cytology (cells)
Histology (tissues)

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8
Q

Anatomy and Physiology

A

Anatomical structure provide clues to its function (function is described via parts)

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9
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease and disorders ; helps to explain function

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10
Q

Sign / Symptom

A

Signs can be measured (swelling, bruising, etc)
Symptoms are described by person (pain)

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11
Q

Necrospy

A

autosopy on

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12
Q

Visection

A

perform on animals

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13
Q

External Examminations

A

Inspection
Palpitation
Percussion
Auscultation
Manipulation

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14
Q

Inspection

A

To look at , cut

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15
Q

Palpitation

A

To feel, (ankle swelling)

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16
Q

Percussion

A

To tap to detect hollow or fluid

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17
Q

Auscultation

A

To listen with stethoscope ( hear sounds, breathing)

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18
Q

Manipulation

A

Range of Motion

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19
Q

Internal Examinations

A

X-rays (photographic digital image) , MRI( useful when tissue is surronded by bone) , ultrasound (sound waves)

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20
Q

Endoscope

A

Thin small tube inserted into the body to look, remove tissue etc

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21
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Look into eye

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22
Q

Scope types

A

Gasropscopy
Bronchoscopy
Endotoscope
Vaginal Spectulum
Protoscopy
Anthroscope
Laparoscopy

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23
Q

Electroencephaology

A

Brain activty

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24
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

heart

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25
Angiography
blood
26
Levels of Life
atoms-->molecules-->organelles-->cell-->tissue-->organ-->system--> body chemical - cellular-- tissue--organ systen-body
27
Studies: Gastroenterology Urology Cradiopulmonary Oncology Hematology Immunology Neurology Orthopedic Orthodontist Physiotherapist Gynecologist Endocriniolgy radiologist
Gastroenterology ( stomach) Urology (reproductive) Cradiopulmonary (hear) Oncology(cancer) Hematology(blood) Immunology Neurology Orthopedic (bones) Orthodontist Physiotherapist Gynecologist (female) Endocriniolgy (hormone) radiologist (x ray)
28
Life Functions
Humans are cellular so cells must be kept alive to function. Organ systems are to keep them alive. All cells need organ systems to meet their needs. Gas exchange and waste, nutrient exchange. EX) Digestive system breaks down food and nutrients are delivered through the blood. Lungs exchange o2 with co2 and the o2 gets transported through the heart all throughout.
29
Anatomical Position
Body erect facing forward, palms facing upward
30
Directional terms
Used to describe ones structure in relation to another. Based off of this anatomical position.
31
Superior (cranial)
Toward head or upper part of structure. Ex) head is superior to the neck)
32
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head, below Ex) apply to axial parts the stomach is to the heart
33
Anterior ventral
towards or in front of Ex) the ethmoid bone is anterior to the sphenoid
34
Posterior (dorsal)
Behind of or towards the back
35
Medial
closer to the midline
36
Lateral
away from midline
37
Intermediate
middle
38
Proximal
closer to the point of attachment
39
Distal
further from attachment
40
superficial
shallow
41
deep
depe
42
Longitude
a line parallel to the axis. Planes such as sagital and frontal are longitude as they are a straight line
43
Tranverse
right angles to axis
44
Lpislateral
same side
45
Contralateral
oppoiste side
46
Axial
The head, neck, truck,
47
Appendicular
limbs
48
cephalic region
frontal orbital mental buccal nasla oral
49
Cervical
neck
50
Thoracic
sternal axillary mammary scapular
51
abdominal
umbilical
52
Posteior to Abdominal
lumbar, sacral
53
Pelvic
inguinal and pubic
54
Appendicular : Arms
Acromial Brachial Antecubital Antebrancial Carpa Manus metacarapls
55
Legs
coxal femoral patelar popliteral I behind the patella Crual sural pedal Tarsa metatarsal
56
Body Planes
Sagital Plane: divides right and left antieorally Frontal Plane (coronal) : Posterior and Anteior makes a frontal section Transverse Plane: Divides the body from upper and lower, produces a cross section horizontally
57
Body Sections
Named after the cut: Midsagital (midline) (median) parasagital (paralell to the midline cut) Oblique (cuts other than 90 degrees)
58
Body Cavitues/Membranes
Cavities provide protection over organs and are areas to hold them. - Dorsal Cavity (Posteior) -Ventral (Anterior)
59
Dorsal
CNS ( the cranial and the spinal cord)
60
Ventral
Thorasic and the Abdominapelvic area
61
Thoracic Region
Contains the pleura area which house the lungs Also has the Mediastinum which hold the pericardium and the superior portion holds the aorta, trachea, esophagus)
62
Abdominalpelvic
Upper regions hold the abdominal cavity , visera Lower regions hold the urinary and reproductive Nine Quadrants of the Body
63
Serous Membrane
covers the internal and external walls of cavities and the oragans
64
Visera
the internal organs covered in the cavity
65
Pareital
covers the walls of the cavities
66
Visera Pleura
covers the outer surface of the lungs
67
Parietal Pleura
Covers the inner walls of the thoracic cavity and the mediastinal wall
68
Viseral Pericadium
Covers the outer surface of the heart
69
Parietal Pericardium
Covers the inner pericardial cavity
70
Peritoneal Cavity
Contained within the adominalpelvic cavity lined with serous membranes called the peritoneum
71
Viseral Peritoneum
Covers the inner surface of the organs of adonminalpelvic
72
Pariteal Peritoneum
lines the body cavity of the abdominalpelvic
73
Other Cavities
oral, orbital, nasal, middle ear , synovial (not exposed)
74
**Body movements:** Gliding Flexion, extension, lateral flexion ,hyperextension ,plantar flexion, abduction
Gliding is flat bone moving back and fourth Flexion is decreasing sent angel Extension is increasing angel Lateral flexsion is moving truck side ways Hyperextension is extend beyond anatomical position Plantarflexion is flexion of ankle towardsdown
75
Doris flexion Abduction adduction circumduction rotation medial rotation lateral rotation elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, supination, pronation
- Flexion of the ankle upward -move away from midline of body -move toward -move distal circular - a bone revolves around axis (not Fingers) - anterior bone surface turned medial - superior - inferior - body froward - body back - move sole medial - move sole lateral - palm turns anterior - palm is posterior

BIO Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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