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BIO Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

heart

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3
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the body

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4
Q

What is Physiology

A

Defined as the study of the body’s function

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5
Q

Principle of Complementary Structure and Function

A

States that the body will build something specific to do a certain function. What a structure looks like is defined by its function and vise versa.

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6
Q

Gross Anatomical branches

A
  • Surface
    -Regional (deep)
    -Systemic
    -Developmental (conception)
    -Clinical
    Studies the genereal form and focus on specific areas
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7
Q

Microscopic

A

Cytology (cells)
Histology (tissues)

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8
Q

Anatomy and Physiology

A

Anatomical structure provide clues to its function (function is described via parts)

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9
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease and disorders ; helps to explain function

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10
Q

Sign / Symptom

A

Signs can be measured (swelling, bruising, etc)
Symptoms are described by person (pain)

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11
Q

Necrospy

A

autosopy on

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12
Q

Visection

A

perform on animals

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13
Q

External Examminations

A

Inspection
Palpitation
Percussion
Auscultation
Manipulation

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14
Q

Inspection

A

To look at , cut

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15
Q

Palpitation

A

To feel, (ankle swelling)

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16
Q

Percussion

A

To tap to detect hollow or fluid

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17
Q

Auscultation

A

To listen with stethoscope ( hear sounds, breathing)

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18
Q

Manipulation

A

Range of Motion

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19
Q

Internal Examinations

A

X-rays (photographic digital image) , MRI( useful when tissue is surronded by bone) , ultrasound (sound waves)

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20
Q

Endoscope

A

Thin small tube inserted into the body to look, remove tissue etc

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21
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Look into eye

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22
Q

Scope types

A

Gasropscopy
Bronchoscopy
Endotoscope
Vaginal Spectulum
Protoscopy
Anthroscope
Laparoscopy

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23
Q

Electroencephaology

A

Brain activty

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24
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

heart

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25
Q

Angiography

A

blood

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26
Q

Levels of Life

A

atoms–>molecules–>organelles–>cell–>tissue–>organ–>system–> body
chemical - cellular– tissue–organ systen-body

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27
Q

Studies:
Gastroenterology
Urology
Cradiopulmonary
Oncology
Hematology
Immunology
Neurology
Orthopedic
Orthodontist
Physiotherapist
Gynecologist
Endocriniolgy
radiologist

A

Gastroenterology ( stomach)
Urology (reproductive)
Cradiopulmonary (hear)
Oncology(cancer)
Hematology(blood)
Immunology
Neurology
Orthopedic (bones)
Orthodontist
Physiotherapist
Gynecologist (female)
Endocriniolgy (hormone)
radiologist (x ray)

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28
Q

Life Functions

A

Humans are cellular so cells must be kept alive to function. Organ systems are to keep them alive. All cells need organ systems to meet their needs. Gas exchange and waste, nutrient exchange.
EX) Digestive system breaks down food and nutrients are delivered through the blood. Lungs exchange o2 with co2 and the o2 gets transported through the heart all throughout.

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29
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body erect facing forward, palms facing upward

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30
Q

Directional terms

A

Used to describe ones structure in relation to another. Based off of this anatomical position.

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31
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward head or upper part of structure. Ex) head is superior to the neck)

32
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head, below Ex) apply to axial parts the stomach is to the heart

33
Q

Anterior ventral

A

towards or in front of Ex) the ethmoid bone is anterior to the sphenoid

34
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Behind of or towards the back

35
Q

Medial

A

closer to the midline

36
Q

Lateral

A

away from midline

37
Q

Intermediate

A

middle

38
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment

39
Q

Distal

A

further from attachment

40
Q

superficial

A

shallow

41
Q

deep

A

depe

42
Q

Longitude

A

a line parallel to the axis. Planes such as sagital and frontal are longitude as they are a straight line

43
Q

Tranverse

A

right angles to axis

44
Q

Lpislateral

A

same side

45
Q

Contralateral

A

oppoiste side

46
Q

Axial

A

The head, neck, truck,

47
Q

Appendicular

A

limbs

48
Q

cephalic region

A

frontal
orbital
mental
buccal
nasla
oral

49
Q

Cervical

A

neck

50
Q

Thoracic

A

sternal
axillary
mammary
scapular

51
Q

abdominal

A

umbilical

52
Q

Posteior to Abdominal

A

lumbar, sacral

53
Q

Pelvic

A

inguinal and pubic

54
Q

Appendicular : Arms

A

Acromial
Brachial
Antecubital
Antebrancial
Carpa
Manus
metacarapls

55
Q

Legs

A

coxal
femoral
patelar
popliteral I behind the patella
Crual
sural
pedal
Tarsa
metatarsal

56
Q

Body Planes

A

Sagital Plane: divides right and left antieorally
Frontal Plane (coronal) : Posterior and Anteior makes a frontal section
Transverse Plane: Divides the body from upper and lower, produces a cross section horizontally

57
Q

Body Sections

A

Named after the cut:
Midsagital (midline) (median)
parasagital (paralell to the midline cut)
Oblique (cuts other than 90 degrees)

58
Q

Body Cavitues/Membranes

A

Cavities provide protection over organs and are areas to hold them.
- Dorsal Cavity (Posteior)
-Ventral (Anterior)

59
Q

Dorsal

A

CNS ( the cranial and the spinal cord)

60
Q

Ventral

A

Thorasic and the Abdominapelvic area

61
Q

Thoracic Region

A

Contains the pleura area which house the lungs
Also has the Mediastinum which hold the pericardium and the superior portion holds the aorta, trachea, esophagus)

62
Q

Abdominalpelvic

A

Upper regions hold the abdominal cavity , visera
Lower regions hold the urinary and reproductive
Nine Quadrants of the Body

63
Q

Serous Membrane

A

covers the internal and external walls of cavities and the oragans

64
Q

Visera

A

the internal organs covered in the cavity

65
Q

Pareital

A

covers the walls of the cavities

66
Q

Visera Pleura

A

covers the outer surface of the lungs

67
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Covers the inner walls of the thoracic cavity and the mediastinal wall

68
Q

Viseral Pericadium

A

Covers the outer surface of the heart

69
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Covers the inner pericardial cavity

70
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Contained within the adominalpelvic cavity lined with serous membranes called the peritoneum

71
Q

Viseral Peritoneum

A

Covers the inner surface of the organs of adonminalpelvic

72
Q

Pariteal Peritoneum

A

lines the body cavity of the abdominalpelvic

73
Q

Other Cavities

A

oral, orbital, nasal, middle ear , synovial (not exposed)

74
Q

Body movements:
Gliding Flexion, extension, lateral flexion ,hyperextension ,plantar flexion, abduction

A

Gliding is flat bone moving back and fourth
Flexion is decreasing sent angel
Extension is increasing angel
Lateral flexsion is moving truck side ways
Hyperextension is extend beyond anatomical position
Plantarflexion is flexion of ankle towardsdown

75
Q

Doris flexion
Abduction
adduction
circumduction
rotation
medial rotation
lateral rotation
elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, supination, pronation

A
  • Flexion of the ankle upward
    -move away from midline of body
    -move toward
    -move distal circular
  • a bone revolves around axis (not Fingers)
  • anterior bone surface turned medial
  • superior
  • inferior
  • body froward
  • body back
  • move sole medial
  • move sole lateral
  • palm turns anterior
  • palm is posterior

BIO Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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